Lec9

• What percentage of solar radiation is reflected by the Earth's surface?

  30%
• What happens to the remainder of solar radiation that is not reflected?

  It is absorbed by the Earth's surface.
• How does the downward radiation relate to the surface temperature?

  It is combined with incoming solar radiation.
• What is the percentage of solar radiation transmitted through the atmosphere?

  60%
• What is the range of wavelengths for incoming solar radiation?

  Approximately 0.3 to 2.5 µm.
• If the incoming solar radiation is 100 units, how many units are transmitted through the atmosphere?

  60 units
• What is the temperature in Kelvin considered in the scenarios?

  288 K
• What does the term "radiative balance" refer to?

  It refers to the equilibrium between incoming and outgoing radiation.
• What is the significance of snow cover in radiative balance?

  It increases albedo and affects energy absorption.
• What is the effect of snow on solar radiation absorption?

  It increases reflection of solar radiation.
• How does the concentration of water vapor affect solar radiation?

  It can lead to increased absorption and scattering.
• If the solar radiation absorbed is 40 units, how much is reflected?

  60 units
• What are the main components of the Earth's energy balance?

  • Incoming solar radiation
  • Reflected solar radiation
  • Absorbed solar radiation
  • Outgoing thermal radiation
• What factors influence the Earth's radiative balance?

  • Surface albedo
  • Atmospheric composition
  • Cloud cover
  • Land and water distribution
• How does the Earth's surface temperature relate to solar radiation absorption?

  • Higher absorption leads to higher temperatures
  • Lower absorption leads to lower temperatures
  • Influenced by surface characteristics (e.g., snow, water)