Traumatic Brain Injury

• What causes a traumatic brain injury?

  A direct result of a trauma to the brain from an injury such as falling, or long term alcohol and drug use
• what can damage to the frontal cortex lead to?

  aggression such as assault or social disorder offences.
• What could damage to the frontal cortex at a young age lead to?

  inability to learn appropriate, social behaviour or inappropriate, sexual behaviour
• What did Raine’s study find that supports this theory?

  Lower levels of glucose metabolism in the pre-frontal cortex were found in murderers as well as lower levels in the left amygdala
• What did Williams et al find that supports this theory?

  60% of 196 prisoners investigated had recieved some form of tbi due to falling, car accidents, and sports activities.
• What did Kreutzer et al find?

  Could not support or refute a causation between tbi and violence- 20% of 74 patients had been arrested pre-injury and 10% post injury.