Agriculture

• What is agriculture

  Agriculture is a primary activity which produces the food we eat and raw material for industries
•  what is primitive subsistence  farming?

   full fill their own needs

   use primitive tools

   example slash and burn agriculture
• What is intensive subsistence farming?

   full fill their own needs and small surplus sold in local market

   use labour intensive farming

   practiced in high population area

   example UP Rajasthan MP
•  what is commercial farming

   profit motive only

   use modern inputs example hyv seeds chemical fertilizers

   example plantation of Tea in Assam 
• What are Rabi crops or what is Rabi season

   sown in winter between October to December

   harvested in summer between April to June

   example  wheat barley peas etc
•  what are kharif crops or what is kharif season

  sown in onset of monsoon

   harvested in September to October

   example paddy cotton jute etc
•  what is zaid season

   time period between Rabi and  kharif season

    short period during summer

   example watermelon cucumber etc
•  Which crop take 1 year to grow 

   sugarcane takes all most one year to grow
• What are the three types of crops  give three example each

   

   grain crops -  rice maize wheat

   other food crops- sugarcane tea  coffee

   non food crops or cash crops - rubber cotton jute
• Write the characteristics of rice

   largest food crop in India

   second largest produces in  world

   kharif crop

   States WB Punjab Haryana

   annual rainfall above 100 cm
•  write characteristics of wheat

   second largest food crop in India

   second largest produces in  world

   Rabi crop

   States UP Punjab Haryana

  Annual rainfall 50-75cm
•  write characteristics of millets

   high nutritional value

   third largest food crop in India

   kharif crop

   Types-

  1. Jower in Mahrastra
  2. Bajra in Rajasthan
  3. Ragi in Karnataka
•  write characteristics of maize

   both food and fodder crop

   kharif crop but in Bihar it is a Rabi crop

  It requires temperature between 21C to 27C

  States Karnataka UP
•   write characteristics of pulses

  largest producers and consumer in world

   States Rajasthan Maharashtra UP MP 
• Which crop is both fodder and food crop

   Maize is both fodder and food crop
• write characteristics of sugarcane

   India is second largest producer

   States Maharashtra Karnataka UP

  it requires hot and humid climate to grow with temperature between 21C-27C and annual rainfall between 75 to 100 cm
•  write characteristics of oil seeds

   groundnut coconut  mustard etc

    India is the second largest producer in groundnut

   state Rajasthan
•    write characteristics of tea

  Labour intensive cultivation

   second largest producer

   state Assam WB TN Kerala
• write characteristics of coffee

   Yemen cultivated it in Baba Budan Hills in India

   states Karnataka (Nilgiri Hills) Kerala TN
• What is plantation

   plantation is a type of commercial farming in which only a single crop is grown on a large scale,  using capital intensive  input with the help of migrant labours . A good network of transport ,  communication, proper market facilities are required for this

   example- tea in Assam and coffee in Karnataka 
•  write the characteristics of horticulture

  these include the cultivation of both fruits and vegetables

   India is the second largest producer

   India produces both tropical and temperature fruits

   mangoes of Maharashtra

   Orange of Nagpur

   Bananas of Kerala 
• What is institutional and Technology reforms to help farmers

  1. provision for Crop Insurance against drought, flood and diseases establishment of Gramin banks for providing loan facilities at lower rate of interest

  2.  Kisan credit card(KCC) and personal accident Insurance Scheme((PAIS) are some other schemes introduced by government for benefits of farmers

   3. special weather agriculture programs for farmers for  were introduced on radio and television
• What is institutional and Technology reforms to help farmers

  4.  the government also announces minimum support price(MSP) to check exploitation of farmers by middleman and speculators

  5.  establishment of Indian Council of agriculture  Research(ICAR) ,  agriculture universities, Horticulture development and weather forecast were given a Priority to benefit Indian farmers 
• Write the characteristics of rubber

   used in  industrial raw material  for making tube, tyers, belts etcStates- Karnataka TN Kerala Andaman and Nicobar Islands
•  write the characteristics of silk or fiber crop

   cotton, jute, hemp, and natural Silk at the four major fiber crops grown in India

   the first three are  plant products while Silk is obtained from cocoon of the silkworms

    rearing of silkworm for production of silk fiber is known as sericulture.
• write the characteristics of cotton

   it is the main raw material for cotton textile industry

   it takes almost 6 to 8 months to grow

   India is the second largest producer

   requires high temperature light rainfall

   States-, Maharashtra, Gujarat, MP, UP etc
•  write the characteristics of jute

   also called as Golden fibre

   this fiber is very strong due to its roughness it is used to make gunny bags, mats, ropes, etc States- WB ,  Bihar, Assam
• What was the impact of globalisation on agriculture

   before globalisation

   raw  cotton, spices, textile etc for  exported  from India

   after globalisation

   organic farming

   high value crops