Biology nervous system

• What ability do organisms have in response to environmental changes?

  They can respond to changes in their environment
• What is homeostasis?

  It is the maintenance of a constant internal environment
• What do coordinated responses require in organisms?

  They require a receptor and an effector
• How do flowering plants respond to stimuli?

  They respond to stimuli through various mechanisms
• What are the geotropic and phototropic responses of roots and stems?

  • Geotropic response: Growth direction influenced by gravity
  • Phototropic response: Growth direction influenced by light
• What role does auxin play in phototropic responses?

  Auxin promotes growth towards light sources
• How do humans control responses through the nervous system?

  Nervous and hormonal communication regulates responses
• What are the differences between the nervous and hormonal systems?

  Nervous system is fast; hormonal system is slower
• What does the central nervous system consist of?

  Brain and spinal cord
• How are sensory organs connected to the central nervous system?

  They are linked by nerves
• What happens when receptors are stimulated?

  They send electrical impulses along nerves
• What is the role of neurotransmitters at synapses?

  They transmit signals between neurons
• What is the function of the eye as a sensory organ?

  It focuses on near and distant objects
• How does the eye respond to changes in light intensity?

  It adjusts the size of the pupil
• What regulates skin temperature?

  Skin temperature is regulated by sweating
• What are the effects of sweating on body temperature?

  It cools the body through evaporation
• What hormones are involved in temperature regulation?

  Adrenaline and insulin play roles
• What are the roles of the hormones mentioned?

  They regulate various physiological processes
• What are the sources, roles, and effects of the following hormones?

  • Adrenaline: Stress response, increases heart rate
  • Insulin: Lowers blood sugar levels
  • Testosterone: Regulates male traits and reproduction
  • Progesterone: Regulates female reproductive functions
  • Oestrogen: Regulates female traits and reproduction