The Literal rule

• The literal rule - taking a word/phrase at its dictionary meaning (Pinner)
• Literal rule advantages:

  +   A straightforward, universal approach (mostly)

  +   Clearer for the public to understand 

  +   Respects parliament sovereignty 
• Literal rule disadvantages:

  -       Possible loopholes if the bill is poorly drafted – impossible to cover every situation when drafting the act  

  -       Can lead to absurd decisions (Whitley, Berriman)

  -       Words may have more than one meaning