electrical circuits

• What must be present for current to flow in a closed circuit?

  A source of potential difference
• What does current represent in an electric circuit?

  The rate of flow of electrical charge
• What is potential difference in an electric circuit?

  The energy transferred per charge by each coulomb
• How does resistance affect current flow in a circuit?

  Higher resistance results in lower current flow
• What are the key circuit equations related to charge flow?

  • Charge flow: \( Q = I \times t \)
  • Potential difference: \( V = I \times R \)
  • Energy transferred: \( E = Q \times V \)
• What does the equation \( Q = I \times t \) represent?

  Charge flow in a circuit
• What does the equation \( V = I \times R \) represent?

  Potential difference in a circuit
• What does the equation \( E = Q \times V \) represent?

  Energy transferred in a circuit
• What happens to resistance as the length of a wire increases?

  Resistance increases with longer wire length
• How does temperature affect resistance in a conductor?

  Resistance increases as temperature increases
• What causes resistance in a wire?

  Collisions of electrons with ions in the metal
• What is the relationship between current and resistance in a circuit?

  Higher resistance leads to lower current
• What is the effect of increasing the number of components in a circuit?

  It generally increases the total resistance
• What happens to the current when the resistance in a circuit increases?

  The current decreases
• How does the length of a wire affect its resistance?

  Longer wires have greater resistance
• What is the relationship between voltage and current in Ohm's Law?

  Voltage is directly proportional to current
• What is the unit of resistance?

  Ohm
• What is the unit of current?

  Ampere
• What is the unit of potential difference?

  Volt
• What is the effect of temperature on resistance in a conductor?

  Resistance increases with temperature
• What happens to resistance as the temperature of a metal increases?

  Resistance typically increases
• What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the ions in a metal conductor?

  Increased temperature causes more vibrations
• What is the relationship between resistance and temperature in a conductor?

  Resistance increases with temperature
• What is the effect of increased resistance on electric current?

  It reduces the electric current
• How does the length of a wire affect its resistance?

  Longer wires have higher resistance
• What is the effect of increasing the number of resistors in series on total resistance?

  Total resistance increases with more resistors
• What is the formula for calculating total resistance in series?

  R_total = R1 + R2 + R3
• What happens to the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

  Total resistance decreases with more branches
• What is the formula for calculating total resistance in parallel?

  \( \frac{1}{R_{total}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} \)
• What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel on total resistance?

  Total resistance decreases with more resistors
• How does the arrangement of resistors in a circuit affect total resistance?

  Series increases resistance; parallel decreases it
• What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in Ohm's Law?

  Voltage = Current × Resistance
• What is the unit of energy in electric circuits?

  Joule
• What is the unit of power in electric circuits?

  Watt
• What is the relationship between power, voltage, and current?

  Power = Voltage × Current
• How does increasing voltage affect power in a circuit?

  Higher voltage increases power output
• What is the effect of increasing current on power in a circuit?

  Higher current increases power output
• What is the formula for calculating power in an electric circuit?

  Power = Voltage × Current
• What is the effect of resistance on power in a circuit?

  Higher resistance reduces power output
• How does the arrangement of components affect power in a circuit?

  Series reduces power; parallel increases it