Controlling blood glucose

• What is blood glucose controlled as part of?

  Homeostasis
• Which two hormones are involved in blood glucose control?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What are the main processes that control blood glucose levels?

  1. Eating foods containing carbohydrates puts glucose into the blood.
  2. Normal metabolism of cells removes glucose from the blood.
  3. Vigorous exercise removes much more glucose from the blood.
  4. Excess glucose can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
  5. Blood glucose levels must be kept steady.

  • Changes are monitored and controlled by the pancreas.
  • Uses insulin and glucagon in a negative feedback cycle.
• What happens when blood glucose levels are too high?

  Insulin is added
• What happens when blood glucose levels are too low?

  Glucagon is added
• How does diabetes affect blood sugar control?

  It impairs the ability to control blood sugar
• What are the two types of diabetes and their characteristics?

  1. Type 1 diabetes:

  • Pancreas produces little or no insulin.
  • Blood glucose can rise to dangerous levels.
  • Requires insulin therapy.

  1. Type 2 diabetes:

  • Pancreas produces insulin but cells are resistant.
  • Often managed with diet and exercise.
  • May require medication or insulin.
• How does Type 1 diabetes treatment differ from Type 2 diabetes treatment?

  Type 1 requires insulin therapy; Type 2 may not
• What is the effect of diet on insulin needs in diabetes?

  Diet affects the amount of insulin needed
• Why is it important to monitor blood glucose levels in diabetes?

  To prevent dangerous fluctuations in blood sugar
• How can vigorous exercise impact blood glucose levels?

  It removes more glucose from the blood
• What is glycogen?

  Stored form of glucose in the liver
• What role does the pancreas play in blood glucose control?

  It monitors and regulates blood glucose levels
• How does negative feedback work in blood glucose regulation?

  It maintains stable glucose levels through hormone action
• What is the consequence of high blood glucose levels?

  Can lead to serious health issues
• How does diet influence Type 1 diabetes management?

  Diet must be carefully controlled for insulin needs
• What should people with Type 1 diabetes do after eating?

  Monitor their blood glucose levels
• What is the relationship between exercise and blood glucose levels?

  Exercise lowers blood glucose levels significantly
• What is the primary function of insulin?

  To lower blood glucose levels
• What happens to blood glucose levels after eating carbohydrates?

  They increase due to glucose absorption
• How does a person with diabetes manage their condition effectively?

  By balancing diet, exercise, and medication
• What is the impact of insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes?

  It makes blood sugar control more difficult
• What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

  It raises blood glucose levels
• Why is it crucial to keep blood glucose levels steady?

  To prevent complications from diabetes
• What should a diabetic do if their blood sugar is too low?

  Consume fast-acting carbohydrates
• How does the body respond to high blood glucose levels?

  By releasing insulin to lower glucose
• What is the primary role of the pancreas in glucose regulation?

  To secrete insulin and glucagon
• How does exercise influence insulin sensitivity?

  It increases insulin sensitivity in the body
• What dietary changes can help manage Type 2 diabetes?

  Reducing sugar and increasing fiber intake
• What is the significance of monitoring blood glucose levels regularly?

  It helps in adjusting treatment plans effectively
• What is the consequence of not managing diabetes properly?

  Can lead to serious health complications
• How does the body utilize glucose after a meal?

  It uses glucose for energy or stores it
• What is a common symptom of high blood sugar?

  Increased thirst and frequent urination
• How does the body maintain homeostasis in blood glucose levels?

  Through hormonal regulation by insulin and glucagon
• What is the role of carbohydrates in blood glucose levels?

  They increase blood glucose after consumption
• Why is it important for diabetics to have a meal plan?

  To manage blood sugar levels effectively
• What should a diabetic do before exercising?

  Check their blood glucose levels
• How does insulin therapy help Type 1 diabetics?

  It replaces the insulin their body cannot produce
• What is the effect of low blood sugar on the body?

  Can cause dizziness and confusion
• How does the body respond to low blood glucose levels?

  By releasing glucagon to raise glucose