demography

    Cards (18)

    • 4 reasons for decline in birth rate
      • increased contraception
      • feminism
      • declining infant mortality rate
      • change in social attitudes
    • 5 reasons for decline in death rate
      • better healthcare
      • better nutrition
      • better working conditions
      • access to healthcare
      • welfare programmes
    • Define with example disease of affluence
      • health conditions prevalent in wealthy society or individuals with a high standard of living
      • examples: heart disease, stroke, obesity, diabetes and some cancers
    • variation of life expectancy
      • geographical location/ migration
      • socioeconomic status
      • individual lifestyle choices
    • what are different age categories
      • children and adolescents= under 15
      • working-age population=15-64
      • elderly population= 65+
    • changes to population regarding age
      • increased life expectancy - ageing population
      • declining birth rate - fewer young people
    • describe the impact of an ageing population on the dependency ratio
      • increased proportion of non-working elderly individuals who then depend on welfare or family to help them
    • explain what its meant by feminisation of later life
      • growing population of women compared to men with the elderly population
      • more females due to more elderly males dying first
    • 3 positive aspects of an ageing population
      • help with childcare and household chores
      • grey pound consumerism
      • help financially to younger family members
    • 4 negative aspects of the ageing population
      • strain on healthcare
      • financial strain-government taking funding from somewhere else in order to provide for ageing population
      • potential increase for poverty
      • loneliness and isolation
    • what is the difference between immigration and emigration?
      • immigration: going to live permanently in a foreign country
      • emigration: leaving own country to settle permanently in another
    • changes to immigration over the last 60 years
      • spike during WWI and WWII
      • increased rapidly after EU expansion in 2004
      • recent fluctuation due to wars such as Russia and Ukraine or Israel and Gaza
    • what are some push and pull factors
      push:
      • safety
      • environmental issues
      • poor healthcare
      • poor government choices
      pull:
      • family and friends
      • economic opportunities
      • higher standard of living
      • social networks
      • political stability and freedom
    • how does migration affect the dependency ratio?
      • those who migrate over are usually young
      • help reduce dependency ratio as there are more individuals able to care and work
    • features of globalisation
      • increased interconnectedness --> new technologies
      • cultural exchange
      • economic integration
      • migration and demographic changes
      • family structures and social inequalities
      • mortality rate changes
    • different ways in which globalisation impacts on migration
      • wealth inequalities
      • shift within labour markets
      • remittances as migrants send money back home
    • key concepts associated with migration and globalisation
      • push and pull factors
      • remittances
      • brain drain or gain
      • cultural hybridization
    • ways in which demographic changes impact on family types/structures
      • changes birth rates
      • changes death rates
      • changes marriage and divorce
      • bring over family or community to a new community
      • changes in women's roles
      • ageing population
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