Transatlantic pipeline

Cards (117)

  • What is Alaska often referred to as?
    The Frozen Frontier
  • What major event in 1973 increased the demand for Alaskan oil?
    The oil shortage gas crisis
  • What was the solution to the oil crisis in Alaska?
    A pipeline across 800 miles of wilderness
  • What challenges did the Alaskan oil pipeline face?
    Hostile terrain and extreme temperatures
  • At what temperature does exposed flesh freeze in Alaska?
    75° below zero
  • How quickly can fingers freeze in extreme cold?
    In only 90 seconds
  • What did an Arctic explorer describe about the cold?
    It sank through the skin, freezing flesh
  • Which two oil companies discovered the largest oil field in North America?
    Exxon and Atlantic Richfield
  • How much oil was discovered beneath Prudhoe Bay?
    Close to 10 billion barrels
  • What was the public's reaction to the environmental issues during the oil discovery?
    They rallied for environmental protection
  • What significant event occurred on Earth Day?
    20 million people demonstrated
  • What did the Environmental Protection Agency aim to do?
    Protect the environment from offenders
  • What was the proposed length of the Alaskan oil pipeline?
    800 miles long
  • How did environmentalists respond to the pipeline project?
    They vowed to halt the project
  • What was the diameter of the pipeline planned for construction?
    48 inches
  • What was the estimated cost of the pipeline construction?
    Over 9 billion dollars
  • What legal act set standards for environmental projects?
    The National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA)
  • How did the oil companies react to environmental opposition?
    They formed partnerships to share costs
  • What was the original price paid by the U.S. for Alaska?
    7.2 million dollars
  • How much land did the purchase of Alaska cost per acre?
    2 cents per acre
  • What was the economic impact of Alaska's resources by the turn of the century?
    Money flowed back to America from resources
  • How did the discovery of gold in Alaska affect its economy?
    It led to over 300 million dollars extracted
  • What was Edwin Drake known for in the oil industry?
    Drilling the first modern oil well
  • What technique did Edwin Drake use to drill for oil?
    A water drilling technique
  • What was the initial use of oil before the invention of the combustion engine?
    Lighting lamps with kerosene
  • How did the railroads impact the oil industry?
    They enabled the first oil pipeline construction
  • What was the purpose of the Big Inch pipeline?
    To deliver fuel to warships
  • How did the automobile industry affect oil consumption?
    It significantly increased oil demand
  • What was the relationship between the economy and the oil industry in the 1960s?
    They grew together at a 1:1 ratio
  • What was the impact of the Federal Highway Act initiated by President Eisenhower?
    It linked America with modern roads
  • What was the primary source of oil for Americans in the late 1960s?
    Foreign produced oil
  • What are the key environmental concerns regarding the Alaskan oil pipeline?
    • Disruption of fragile ecosystems
    • Risk of oil spills
    • Impact on wildlife habitats
    • Long-term environmental degradation
  • What were the historical economic impacts of Alaska's natural resources?
    • Initial purchase cost of $7.2 million
    • Return of $50 billion by 1959
    • Significant contributions from oil taxes and royalties
    • Economic growth from gold rush and whaling
  • How did Edwin Drake's discovery change the oil industry?
    • First modern oil well drilled
    • Shift from surface oil collection to drilling
    • Laid foundation for future oil extraction methods
    • Sparked the growth of the oil industry
  • What were the technological advancements in oil transportation?
    • Development of pipelines
    • Transition from wooden to steel pipelines
    • Use of railroads for oil transport
    • Increased efficiency in oil delivery
  • What were the social impacts of the oil boom in America?
    • Rise in automobile ownership
    • Economic prosperity post-World War II
    • Development of suburbs
    • Increased demand for oil and related products
  • What improvements were underway on the Alcan Highway?
    Construction of the highway
  • How did the Alaskan Canadian Highway impact the Alaskan oil pipeline?
    It paved the way for the pipeline's construction
  • What was the relationship between the fortunes of the nation and the oil industry during the boom years?
    They grew together at a 1:1 ratio
  • By the late 1960s, what was America's oil consumption situation?
    It far outstripped domestic supply