For

• Grossman et al (2002) found that fathers play a role in terms of play and stimulation rather than sensitivity, as the prior factors predicted healthy relationships with their children in adolesence.
• Ang found that negative relationships with a father predicted aggressive patterns of behaviour in asian boys, however a limitation of this study is that it could suffer from cultural relativism as there may have been more traditional gender roles within these families which therefore may not be representative of more egalitarian cultures- (egalitarian means the equality of all people)
• Schaffer and emerson found that after 18 months 75% of the infants had developed an attachment with their father- 60 pairs of mothers and infants, self report technique, conducted in Glasgow.
• Field et al- 1978

  • when fathers are primary caregivers, they often adopt the emotional role more typical of mothers,