transpiration & translocation

• What is the process by which plants transport sugars?

  Translocation
• How do plants transport water?

  Through transpiration
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

  In the leaves
• What are Flo cells primarily responsible for?

  Transporting sugars
• What are the long columns formed by Flo cells called?

  Phloem tubes
• What is the liquid mixture transported by Flo cells called?

  Cell sap
• What can sugars transported to cells be used for?

  Energy or storage
• In which directions can phloem transport substances?

  Up or down
• What type of cells make up xylem tubes?

  Dead xylem cells
• What is the role of xylem tubes?

  Transport water and mineral ions
• What material strengthens xylem tubes?

  Lignin
• What drives the movement of water through a plant?

  Evaporation from leaves
• What is transpiration?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• What is the transpiration stream?

  Chain of water molecules moving up
• What factors influence the rate of transpiration?

  Light intensity, temperature, airflow, humidity
• How does light intensity affect transpiration?

  Higher light increases photosynthesis and transpiration
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  Higher temperature increases evaporation rate
• How does airflow affect transpiration?

  High airflow increases evaporation rate
• How does humidity affect transpiration?

  Higher humidity decreases evaporation rate
• Why does water diffuse out of the leaf?

  Higher concentration inside than outside
• What happens to the concentration gradient when airflow is high?

  It remains high, increasing transpiration
• What effect does high humidity have on transpiration?

  It decreases the rate of transpiration
• What are the main components of plant mass transport systems?

  • Phloem tubes: transport sugars
  • Xylem tubes: transport water and minerals
  • Transpiration: evaporation of water from leaves
  • Translocation: movement of sugars throughout the plant
• How do environmental factors affect transpiration rates in plants?

  • Light intensity: higher light increases transpiration
  • Temperature: warmer conditions increase evaporation
  • Airflow: strong winds enhance evaporation
  • Humidity: high humidity reduces evaporation
• What is the relationship between transpiration and photosynthesis?

  • Transpiration allows for gas exchange
  • Photosynthesis requires CO2, which enters through stomata
  • Water loss during transpiration drives nutrient transport