Criminology unit 2 AC1.2

• What is polygamy?

  Having more than one spouse at the same time
• What is polygyny?

  A man taking two or more wives
• What is polyandry?

  A woman taking two or more husbands
• In how many countries is polygamy legal?

  58 countries
• Where is polyandry mainly practiced?

  Mainly in the Himalayas
• What is the legal status of polygamy in most countries?

  It is against the law
• What is the punishment for bigamy in the UK?

  7 years imprisonment
• Why is polygamy legal in many Muslim countries?

  Because the Qur'an permits it
• How has the practice of polygamy changed in recent decades in Africa?

  It has declined
• What is adultery?

  A sexual act involving a married person
• How is adultery viewed in most countries?

  As deviant and immoral
• In which country was adultery decriminalised in 2018?

  India
• Where is adultery illegal?

  In many Muslim majority countries
• What is one of the punishments for adultery in Saudi Arabia?

  Stoning
• Why are laws against adultery often found in certain societies?

  Due to the subordinate position of women
• How is homosexuality treated in several countries?

  As a crime
• Where is homosexuality legal?

  In the UK, Europe, North and South America
• How many countries have male homosexuality illegal?

  72 countries
• How many countries have female homosexuality illegal?

  45 countries
• What can result from homosexuality in 6 countries?

  The death penalty
• What has been the trend in the UK regarding views towards sexuality?

  More inclusive over the last half century
• What was the focus of the Street Offences Act 1959 regarding prostitution?

  To address stigma and protect vulnerable people
• What is the current legal status of vagrancy in the UK?

  Still illegal under the Vagrancy Act 1824
• What has happened to prosecutions under the Vagrancy Act recently?

  Increased in number
• What was the age of consent for homosexuality set at in the Sexual Offences Act 1967?

  21 years of age
• When was the age of consent for homosexuality lowered to 16 years?

  In 1994
• When were civil partnerships permitted in the UK?

  In 2004
• When was same-sex marriage allowed in the UK?

  In 2014
• What has happened to smoking laws since the 1950s?

  They have become stricter
• What act made smoking illegal in workplaces?

  The Health Act 2006
• What was made illegal in 2012 regarding cigarettes?

  Having cigarettes on display in shops
• What is the current legal status of cannabis in England and Wales?

  It is illegal
• How does cannabis law enforcement vary in England and Wales?

  It varies by police force priorities
• What is the legal status of cannabis in Portugal and the Netherlands?

  Legal for recreation and medicinal purposes
• What is jaywalking?

  Crossing the road without regard to traffic regulations
• Where is jaywalking considered an offence?

  In most urban areas in the USA
• What is the difference in jaywalking laws between the USA and the UK?

  UK considers it personal responsibility
• What is a moral panic?

  A public reaction to perceived social threats
• How were sentences affected during the London riots in 2011?

  They were more severe due to moral panic
• What did Chamblis argue about social classes?

  There are 'saints' and 'roughnecks'