Reproductive system

• Asexual reproduction involves reproducing with one parent organism
• Sexual reproduction is the union of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote
• Sexual reproduction produces new individuals
• Gonads produce gametes and secrete sex hormones
• Ovaries and testes control many bodily changes as a child matures
• Egg is the female sex cell
• Sperm is the male sex cell
• Fertilization is the joining of sperm and egg
• Zygote is a fertilized egg
• Every cell in the body that has a nucleus has 46 chromosomes
• Sex cells have half the number of chromosomes, 23
• Reproductive systems in both the male and female consist of primary and secondary sex organs and sex glands
• Testosterone controls the development of physical traits in men
• Semen is a mixture of sperm cells and fluids
• Foreskin may be circumcised or removed for hygiene or religious reasons
• Testes are organs where sperm are produced
• The urethra is the tube through which semen exits the body
• The penis is the male sexual organ and copulatory organ of the male
• The scrotum is an external pouch of skin that houses the testes and keeps them 2-3 degrees cooler than the body
• The vas deferens is a tube that connects the epididymis and the penis
• The prostate gland produces fluids that mix with the sperm cells
• The seminal vesicles produce yellow sticky fluid that helps with sperm movement
• The Cowper gland or bulbourethral glands produce fluids that make the sperm slippery
• Prostate cancer is the leading male cancer death
• Inguinal hernias occur in the inguinal canal, which is a passageway
• Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in the age group 20-35 and one of the most curable
• Erection is a response to sexual stimulation
• Ejaculation is a reflex of the sympathetic nervous system
• Emission is muscle contractions that close the sphincter at the base of the bladder
• Human sperm can survive for up to 72 hours
• Human oocyte can survive for up to 24 hours
• Epididymis is a tube that is about 20 feet long and tightly coiled
• Seminiferous tubules are where sperm-forming cells are located
• Interstitial cells are located between tubules and secrete testosterone (supporting cells)
• Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier
• Sperm morphology is adapted for reaching and fertilizing the egg
• Head of a sperm contains DNA and chromosomes
• Midpiece of a sperm contains mitochondria
• Tail of a sperm is a flagellum
• Ovaries (gonads) produce eggs and hormones