LIPIDS

• family of substance that are insoluble in water?

  lipids
• lipids are soluble in?

  non polar solvents and solvents of low polarity
• T or F: diethyl ether does not contain lipids?

  false
• True or false: lipids are not defined by functional groups, thus they have a variety of structures and functions?

  True
• True or False: Lipids do not contain many nonpolar C-C and C-H bonds and few polar bonds resulting in their water insolubility?

  True
• The lipids found in biological systems are either _ or _?

  hydrophobic or amphipathic
• it means containing only non polar groups?

  hydrophobic
• it means possessing both polar and non polar groups?

  amphipathic
• what are the functions of lipids?

  energy source

  stores energy within fat cells

  thermal and electrical insulators

  protects vital organs

  regulate cell membrane permeability

  serve as chemical messengers

  acts as enzyme cofactors and electron carriers

  hydrophobic anchors for proteins

  precursors of other lipids

  transport of other lipids

  emulsifying agents in the g.i. tract
• what are the 2 classification/category of lipids?

  hydrolyzable or non-hydrolyzable
• a category of lipids that can be converted into smaller molecules by hydrolysis?

  hydrolyzable lipids
• what are the three types of hydrolyzable lipids?

  waxes

  triacylglycerols

  phospholipids
• a category of lipids that cannot be cleaved into smaller molecules by hydrolysis?

  non-hydrolyzable lipids
• what are the three types of nonhydrolyzable lipids?

  steroids

  fat-soluble vitamins

  eicosanoids
• lipids could be classified as?

  simple, complex, or derived
• these are ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS with various ALCOHOLS (-OH)?

  simple lipids
• a type of simple lipids that is formed from glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids?

  triglycerides
• a type of simple lipids, esters formed from a fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol?

  waxes
• Fatty acid + alcohol is?

  simple lipids
• what are the two types of simple lipids?

  triglycerides and waxes
• it is a reaction between alcohols (-OH) and carboxylic acids?

  esterification of lipids
• it is a dehydration reaction?

  esterification
• these are carboxylic acids with long carbon chains?

  fatty acids
• true or false: naturally occurring fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms?

  false, odd number
• true or false: fatty acids are branched carboxylic acids?

  false, unbranched
• true or false: apart from the -COOH group, fatty acids have no functional groups, except that some do have double bonds?

  true
• true or false: hydrolyzable lipids are NOT derived from fatty acids?

  false, derived
• fatty acids can be classified as _ or _?

  saturated or unsaturated
• these are fatty acids that only contain SINGLE BONDS?

  saturated fatty acids
• these are fatty acids that contain at least one DOUBLE BOND?

  unsaturated fatty acids
• a type of unsaturated fatty acid that contains ONE double bond?

  monounsaturated fatty acids
• a type of unsaturated fatty acids that contains TWO OR MORE double bonds?

  polyunsaturated fatty acids
• true or false: as the number of double bonds in fatty acids INCREASES, the melting point also INCREASES?

  false, melting point decreases
• determine if saturated or unsaturated (monounsaturated or polyunsaturated) fat and what type of acid is it? [clue: C6H3602]

  saturated or unsaturated fat: saturated

  acid type: stearic acid

  
• determine if saturated or unsaturated (monounsaturated or polyunsaturated) fat and what type of acid is it? [clue: C18H3402]

  saturated or unsaturated fat: monounsaturated

  acid type: oleic acid

  
• determine if saturated or unsaturated (monounsaturated or polyunsaturated) fat and what type of acid is it?

  saturated or unsaturated fat: polyunsaturated

  acid type: linoleic acid

  
• Determine if polyunsaturated, saturated, or monounsaturated?


  A - saturated

  B - monounsaturated

  C - polyunsaturated

  D - polyunsaturated

  
• unsaturated fatty acids are classified as?

  cis fatty acids or trans fatty acids
• a type of unsaturated fatty acids that are generally found in nature?

  cis fatty acids
• a type of unsaturated fatty acids that are rare and manufactured fats which are created during hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

  trans fatty acids