Plant Cell Specialisation

• examples of specialised plant cells

  root hair cells

  xylem cells

  phloem cells
• most plant cells are specialised
• roots are covered in hairs to increase the surface area of the root so it can absorb water and mineral effectively
• root hair cells have root hair to increase surface area
• root hair cells dont contain chloroplast as they dont need chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis since theyre underground and cant access light to photosynthesis
• labelled root hair cell diagram

  simple diagram

  A)

  B)

  C)

  D)

  
• image of root hairs on roots

  real life image

  
• xylem cells are found in the plant stem
• xylem form long tubes that carry water and dissolved mineral from the roots to the leaves
• xylem cells have thick cell walls containing a chemical lignin which provides support for the plant but causes the cell to die
• xylem cells' end walls between the cells have broken down so cells form a long tube so water and dissolved minerals to flow easily
• xylem cells dont contain

  nucleus

  cytoplasm

  vacuole

  chloroplast
• xylem cells dont have any internal structures allowing water and minerals to flow
• xylem cell diagram

  A)

  B)

  C)

  
• phloem tubes carry dissolved sugars up and down the plants
• phloem contain 2 different types of cells
• one type of cell in a phloem cell is phloem vessel cells
• phloem vessel cells have no nucleus and limited cytoplasm
• phloem vessel cells end walls with pores called sieve plates which allows dissolved sugars to flow through its internal structures
• phloem vessel cells have very little cytoplasm meaning they have very little mitochondria so each phloem vessel cell have a companion cell connected by pores
• the companion cells of a phloem vessel cell contain mitochondria to provide energy for it
• labelled phloem vessel cell diagram

  A)

  B)

  C)

  D)