History: Cold War

• What was agreed at the Yalta Conference in February 1945?

  Germany divided into 4 zones
• What was one of the agreements made at the Yalta Conference regarding Eastern Europe?

  Free elections in Eastern Europe
• What did the USSR agree to do at the Yalta Conference?

  Join the war against Japan
• What international organization was formed as a result of the Yalta Conference?

  United Nations
• What caused tension at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945?

  Disagreement over Germany’s future
• How did Truman's stance contribute to tensions at the Potsdam Conference?

  Truman had a tougher stance
• What action did Stalin take that increased tensions at the Potsdam Conference?

  Set up pro-Soviet governments in Eastern Europe
• What was the Truman Doctrine established in 1947?

  US policy to support countries resisting communism
• What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine?

  Containment of communism
• What was the Marshall Plan introduced in 1947?

  Economic aid to rebuild Europe
• What was one of the objectives of the Marshall Plan?

  Stop the spread of communism
• How did the USSR perceive the Marshall Plan?

  As “dollar imperialism”
• What caused the Berlin Blockade from 1948 to 1949?

  Stalin opposed Western plans for West Germany
• What was a key reason for Stalin's opposition during the Berlin Blockade?

  New currency introduced in West Germany
• How did the West respond to the Berlin Blockade?

  Berlin Airlift
• What was the duration of the Berlin Airlift?

  11 months
• What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade?

  Formation of NATO in 1949
• How did the Berlin Blockade affect tensions in Europe?

  Increased tensions
• What was the outcome of the division of Germany after the Berlin Blockade?

  Division into FRG and GDR
• What were the main agreements made at the Yalta Conference?

  • Germany divided into 4 zones
  • Free elections in Eastern Europe
  • USSR to join war against Japan
  • Formation of the United Nations
• What were the main causes of tension at the Potsdam Conference?

  • Disagreement over Germany’s future
  • Truman’s tougher stance
  • Stalin's establishment of pro-Soviet governments
• What were the key components of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan?

  • Truman Doctrine: Support for countries resisting communism
  • Marshall Plan: Economic aid to rebuild Europe and stop communism
• What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade?

  • Formation of NATO in 1949
  • Increased tensions in Europe
  • Division of Germany into FRG and GDR
• Why did Khrushchev build the Berlin Wall in 1961?

  To stop East Germans fleeing to the West
• What was the main reason for building the Berlin Wall?

  To avoid embarrassment from East Germans fleeing
• What happened during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962?

  USSR placed missiles in Cuba
• How did the US respond to the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  With a naval blockade of Cuba
• What was the outcome of the secret deal during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  US agreed to remove missiles from Turkey
• What were the consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  Hotline set up and Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed
• How did the Cuban Missile Crisis affect Khrushchev's image?

  Khrushchev looked weak after the crisis
• What impact did the Cuban Missile Crisis have on Kennedy's prestige?

  Kennedy’s prestige increased after the crisis
• Why did the USA get involved in Vietnam?

  Due to the Domino Theory and containment
• What was the purpose of US involvement in Vietnam?

  Support for South Vietnam against communism
• What impact did the Vietnam War have on the Cold War?

  It damaged US reputation and questioned containment
• What did the Vietnam War encourage in terms of US foreign policy?

  Encouraged détente in US foreign policy
• What was détente in the 1970s?

  Easing of Cold War tensions through treaties
• What was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 about?

  USSR intervened to support communist government
• What was a consequence of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

  Led to the end of détente
• What was Reagan’s initial attitude towards the USSR in the 1980s?

  Very tough stance, called it "Evil Empire"
• How did Reagan's attitude towards the USSR change?

  Shifted to diplomacy with Gorbachev