physics

• Nuclear power is generated by harnessing the energy released from nuclear reactions, such as nuclear fission or fusion.
• Energy is measured in joules (J) and it can take different forms including light, heat, mechanical, chemical, and electrical energy.
• Energy can be transferred from one object to another by work done or heat transfer.
• Mass and energy are equivalent and related by the famous equation E = mc2.
• Heat transfer occurs when there is a temperature difference between two objects and can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation.
• Convection involves the transfer of thermal energy due to the movement of fluids like air or water.
• Radiation refers to the emission of electromagnetic waves that carry energy away from an object's surface.
• Radiation refers to the emission and absorption of electromagnetic waves, which can travel through vacuum without any medium.
• Thermal conductors allow heat to flow easily while insulators resist heat flow.
• The speed of light (in a vacuum) is approximately 300 million meters per second.
• Infrared radiation has longer wavelengths than visible light but shorter wavelengths than radio waves.
• Light travels at different speeds depending on its wavelength and the material it passes through.
• Ultraviolet radiation has shorter wavelengths than visible light but longer wavelengths than X-rays.
• Gamma rays are high-energy photons emitted by unstable nuclei during nuclear decay or produced in particle accelerators.
• Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths among all types of electromagnetic radiation.
• Microwaves have slightly shorter wavelengths than radio waves but still much longer than visible light.
• Radio waves have the longest wavelengths among all types of electromagnetic radiation.
• The speed of light is approximately 300 million meters per second (m/s) in vacuum.
• In solids, liquids, and gases, the speed of light is slower due to interactions with particles in these materials.
• Radio waves have the longest wavelengths among all types of electromagnetic radiation, with frequencies ranging from very low to extremely high.
• Electric fields can be created when there is an imbalance between positive and negative charges, resulting in a force on other charged objects.
• Magnetic fields can also be created around moving electrically charged particles, such as current carrying conductors.
• An induced magnet is formed by passing a current through a conductor, creating a temporary magnetic field.
• A magnet has both north and south poles, while a bar magnet has one end that attracts towards it and another end that repels away from it.
• Magnets are used in various applications like compasses, motors, generators, and MRI machines.
• The Earth's magnetic field causes compass needles to align themselves along certain directions, allowing navigation at sea or in the air.
• The strength of the Earth's magnetic field varies over time but remains strong enough to protect us from solar winds.
• The Earth's core generates its own magnetic field due to convection currents within the molten iron-nickel outer core.