Topic 2

• Electronegativity

  Ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond.
• Electronegativity increases towards F in the periodic table.
• Polar molecule

  Requires polar bonds with dipoles that do not cancel due to their direction (asymmetric molecule)
• Polar bond and permanent dipoles

  Form within molecules containing covalently-bonded atoms with different electronegativities.
• Induced dipole-dipole interactions/london dispersion forces

  Random movement of electrons causes a change in charge
• Hydrogen bonding

  Relatively strong intermolecular force, between H, N, O and F.