rivalry with spain

• What event in 1566 increased pressure on Elizabeth regarding the Dutch rebels?


  The Dutch rebellion against Spanish occupation.
• Why did Elizabeth refuse to return the Genoese loan to Spain?

  She argued it belonged to Italian bankers, not Spain.
• What was the significance of the Dutch rebellion in 1566?

  It put pressure on Elizabeth to shelter Dutch rebels against Spanish rule.
• How did Spanish atrocities against Protestants affect Elizabeth's position?

  They pressured her to provide shelter for the Dutch rebels.
• What event in 1568 further angered Spain?

  England's seizure of the Genoese loan.
• Why did Elizabeth seize the Genoese loan?

  She argued it belonged to Italian bankers, not Spain.
• What was the state of Spanish rule in the Netherlands by 1570?

  Spanish rule was secure.
• What did the Privy Council fear by 1570?

  They feared a Spanish invasion.
• How did foreign powers influence the political situation in England and Scotland?

  They supported various factions, complicating Elizabeth's position.
• What was the Spanish threat by 1587?

  Rumors of invasion were prevalent
• What did the Pope do in 1570 regarding Elizabeth?

  Excommunicated her
• Why was the Spanish threat significant by 1587?

  Rumors of invasion and Philip II's involvement
• What was the role of the Pope in the plots against Elizabeth?

  The Pope supported Catholic plots against her
• How did the plots affect Elizabeth's policies towards Catholics?

  Increased repression and surveillance of Catholics
• What was the significance of Elizabeth's excommunication?

  It legitimized attempts to replace her with Mary
• What was the broader context of Catholic-Protestant tensions in Europe during this period?

  • Ongoing conflicts between Catholic and Protestant states
  • Influence of the Reformation on political alliances
  • Fear of Catholic restoration in England
• What was the state of relations between England and Spain by the 1500s?

  They had reached the point of war.
• How did the religious rivalry affect England's relationship with Spain under Elizabeth I?

  It soured due to England being Protestant.
• Who saw Protestantism as a threat to the Catholic Church's authority?

  Philip II of Spain
• What did English Protestants view Spain and Catholicism as?

  A threat to their beliefs and safety.
• What event was referred to as the Spanish Fury?

  Spanish troops looted Antwerp.
• What was the outcome of the Pacification of Ghent?

  All Spanish troops were to be expelled.
• Who restored Spanish control of the Netherlands by late 1584?

  The Duke of Parma
• What did the Treaty of Joinville (1584) accomplish?

  It strengthened relations between Catholic France and Spain.
• How did the Spanish campaign under the Duke of Alba affect relations with England?

  It made England see Spain as a hostile threat.
• What was Elizabeth's government's response to the Spanish actions in the Netherlands?

  They secretly helped Dutch Protestants resist Spain.
• Who led the volunteers fighting against the Spanish?

  John Casimir
• What was the role of English privateers like Sir Francis Drake?

  They attacked Spanish shipping and colonies.
• Why did Philip II blame England for the deteriorating relations by 1587?

  For supporting Dutch rebels and privateers.
• What was the significance of privateers in the conflict with Spain?

  They allowed England to deny responsibility.
• How did Spanish control of trade routes affect English merchants?

  It reduced their incomes and profits.
• What did English privateers do to Spanish colonies?

  They raided them for resources.
• What was the financial impact of Drake's raids on Spain?

  They caused significant financial losses for Spain.
• How much silver did Drake capture in his 1572 raid?

  £40,000
• What was the outcome of Drake's circumnavigation expedition?

  He captured £400,000 in silver and gold.
• How did the loss of silver affect the Spanish government in the Netherlands?

  It led to bankruptcy and unpaid soldiers.
• What were the main reasons for the deterioration of relations between England and Spain?

  • Religious rivalry due to Protestantism
  • Spanish actions in the Netherlands
  • English support for Dutch rebels
  • Commercial rivalry and privateering
• What were the consequences of the Spanish Fury and the Pacification of Ghent?

  • Spanish troops looted Antwerp
  • Dutch provinces united against Spain
  • Expulsion of Spanish troops from the Netherlands
• How did Elizabeth's government actively oppose Spanish interests?

  • Supported Dutch Protestants
  • Encouraged privateering against Spain
  • Provided safe passage for rebel ships
• What were the implications of English privateering for Spain?

  • Significant financial losses for Spain
  • Increased tensions leading to war
  • Undermined Spanish control over trade