U.S MODULE 11

• William James’ take on spiritual self which is included to the other empirical selves is defined

  as the inner most workings of the persons mind, the behavior, beliefs and even morals that

  involves every aspect of the human as a person.
• Considering the will of the person, how they distinguish between right and wrong and also one’s intellect are some of the manifestation of

  the spiritual self of a person.
• he said that the spiritual self “is

  the most enduring and intimate

  part of the self”.


  According to James (1890)
• people will find more satisfaction

  in having been able to show of

  the spiritual self like their

  intelligence, to have their wishes

  be done, and to act upon their

  conscience than to count or

  show their possession


  According to James (1890)
• Refers to one’s wishes, these are the

  things that we want to see and achieve in our lives.

  Person's will
• these are the perceived

  strengths of a person, the things that they have

  confidence in doing and believe to have a certain level of

  mastery of.

  Intelligence and abilities
• it is the definition of what is right and wrong, distinguishing the things that are acceptable for a person


  Morals
• is the person’s ability to distinguish what is

  important and what is not. With one’s values system a

  person may be able to prioritize what they think are the

  tasks or things that he need, what are things that should be

  done or resolve immediately and what are those that they

  can delay without grave repercussions.

  Values
• In the Philippines, our country is known to have a culture

  that values the teachings of religion, where our notion of

  right and wrong is based on the teachings of the church

  or any religion that the people are following.
• Having such guide, it is imperative for one to fully understand the extent and be able to define the cohesiveness of their own beliefs to the teachings of their religion, this will enable one to be able to understand further who they

  are, what they want to do, and what are the things that

  they can and cannot do based on the acceptable

  behaviors that are being taught in one’s religious

  orientation.
• refers to beliefs and behaviors related to supernatural beings and powers. 


  Religion
• refers to the collective body of ideas that members of a culture

  generally share concerning the ultimate shape and

  substance of their reality.

  Worldwide
• Worldview is broader than religion.
• The “soul“ or spirit of a person has two dimesions;


  Human body and spiritual
• referred to as kaluluwa by the

  Tagalogs or dungan by the Ilonggos comes from the root word duwa, two.


  Soul
• The dungan is not seen by the human eye, it takes

  on a different form. For instance, it can be in a form an insect

  or a small animal such as lizard.
• The Bisayans believe that the

  dungan leaves the body while person is asleep. Travelling

  dungan outside the body must be free from accidents such as

  getting trapped in a jar. Only when the soul has safely

  reunited with the body, the person will be awake.
• Dungan is also connoted as “willpower”. If a person has a strong willpower, is it said to have a strong dungan (Magos, 1986).
• Rituals in the Philippines are quite common. Visayan fishing

  villages practice the offering ritual called harang. A local

  shaman invokes sea-spirits.
• the originator of Logotherapy, indicates how his involvement in quest for the significance of life in a Nazi death camp changed his viewpoint of the world.


  Viktor Frankl
• Frankl states that we can't abstain from affliction, yet we can pick how to manage it and discover significance in it.
• question the thoughts of Freud, who trusted the significance of life was to seek after joy.


  Frankl's hypotheses
• Frankl trusted that the motivation behind life isolates the person

  from creatures as well as enables us to survive troublesome circumstances. The reason forever isn't identified with the quest for delight, however to finding what you adore and living with significance.
• man cannot avoid suffering

  but can find meaning from it. 


  For Frankl