unit 6 vocab test

• First Red Scare


  widespread fear of Communism in the US during the 1920s after the revolution in Russia
• Nineteenth Amendment


  The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.
• League of Nations


  an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations
• Fourteen Points


  A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.
• Schenck v. U.S.


  A United States Supreme Court decision concerning the question of whether the defendant possessed a First Amendment right to free speech against the draft during World War I. Ultimately, the case served as the founding of the "clear and present danger" rule.
• Espionage, Sabotage, and Sedition Acts (1917-1918)
• Great Migration

  movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
• War Industries Board

  Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries.
• Zimmermann Telegram

  January 1917 the British intercepted a telegram from the German government to the Mexican government offering German support if Mexico declared war against the US; offered to return land Mexico lost the US
• National Defense Act


  expanded the size of the army
• Lusitania


  A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.
• U-boats


  German submarines used in World War I
• Alice Paul


  Head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking.
• Clayton Antitrust Act


  1914 act designed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890; certain activities previously committed by big businesses, such as not allowing unions in factories and not allowing strikes, were declared illegal.
• Federal Trade Commission


  a federal agency established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices
• Federal Reserve Act


  a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply
• Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act


  the 1913 reform law that lowered tariff rates and levied the first regular federal income tax
• New Freedom


  Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.
• Progressive Party


  Also known as the "Bull Moose Party", this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912. After Taft won the Republican Party's nomination, Roosevelt ran on the Progressive party ticket.
• Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy


  Cabinet members who had fought over conservation efforts and how much effort and money should be put into conserving national resources. Pinchot, head of the Forestry Department, accused Ballinger, Secretary of the Interior, of abandoning federal conservation policy. Taft sided with Ballinger and fired Pinchot.
• The Jungle


  This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
• Square Deal Policy


  Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers
• Sixteenth Amendment


  The constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax.
• Women's Christian Temperance Union
• Seventeenth Amendment


  1913 constitutional amendment allowing American voters to directly elect US senators
• National American Woman Suffrage Association


  a group formed by leading suffragist in the late 1800s to organize the women's suffrage movement. Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
• Settlement Houses


  Community centers located in the slums and near tenements that gave aid to the poor, especially immigrants
• Social Gospel


  A movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation.
• Muckrakers


  Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public
• Great White Fleet


  1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement."
• "Dollar Diplomacy"
• Roosevelt Corollary


  Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
• Panama Canal


  Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States, it opened in 1915.
• Open Door Policy in China


  called for equal commercial access by all nations to the existing spheres of influence in China;, Idea that all nations should have equal trading rights in China.
• Platt Amendment


  Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble
• American Anti-Imperialist League


  A league containing anti-imperialist groups; it was never strong due to differences on domestic issues. Isolationists.
• Philippine-American War


  fought to quell Filipino resistance to American control of the Philippine Islands. Filipino guerrilla soldiers finally gave up when their leader, Emilio Aguinaldo, was captured.
• Treaty of Paris 1898


  The treaty that concluded the Spanish American War, Commissioners from the U.S. were sent to Paris on October 1, 1898 to produce a treaty that would bring an end to the war with Spain after six months of hostility. From the treaty America got Guam, Puerto Rico and they paid 20 million dollars for the Philippines. Cuba was freed from Spain.
• Teller Amendment


  Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war
• de Lome Letter


  Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Used by war hawks as a pretext for war in 1898.