Distinctive landscapes

• What is a landscape

  a landscape has visible features that make up the surface of the land
• what can landscapes by broken down into 4 whats

  elements
• the four landscape elements

  physical, biological, human and variable
• what are three features of the physical elements of a landscape

  mountains, coastlines and rivers
• three features of the human elements of a landscape

  buildings, infrastructure and structures
• three features of the biological elements of a landscape

  vegetation, habitats and wildlife
• three features of the variable element of a landscape

  weather, smells, sounds and lights
• what has glaciation done to the landscape

  made an impression into the Uk's landscape
• what is much of britains landscape made up of that have been caused by glaciation


  u shaped valleys and eroded steep mountain peaks
• what happened during the ice age

  ice covered areas eroded and weathered landscapes to create dramatic mountain scenery
• what happened after the ice age

  deep valleys and deposition of sediment was revealed
• what about the different rock types the uk is made of affects the landscapes

  the resistance of the rocks
• what are igneous rocks

  volcanic/molten rock brought up to the earths surface and cooled into solid rock
• what is sedimentary rock

  made from broken fragments of rock worn down by weathering on the Earth's surface
• what is metamorphic rock

  rock that is folded and distorted by heat and pressure
• where are most lowland areas in the uk

  south east and midlands
• where are most upland areas uk

  north
• where are glaciated landscapes uk

  north and midlands, some in south west
• how are soild created

  weathered rocks, organic material and water
• how do rock types influence soils

  they impact the fertility of the soil
• what soil type do low laying areas e.g. cambridgeshire fens have compared to uplands

  deep soil and high uplands have thin
• which has deep soil: deciduous or coniferous forests

  deciduous
• what rocks make up upland areas

  igneous rocks
• what rocks make up lowland areas of the uk

  sedimentayr
• what rock type is found in both high and low land areas

  metamorphic
• what impact has farming had on landscapes

  farming has changed the vegetation that grows there
• what has happened to woodlands in the uk landscapes

  much has gone
• what has happened to rural landscapes uk

  turned into urban sprawls
• what covers much of the uk now human

  infrastructure e.g., roads and pylons
• what does increasing population mean

  more houses are needed
• what are heavily managed by people

  marshes and moorlands
• how much rainfall is there in lowland areas of the uk

  less precipitation
• how much rainflall happens in upland areas of the uk

  more precipitation
• what does increased/more precipitation mean

  more weathering, erosion and mass movement
• what is mechanical weathering

  caused by the physical action of rain, frost and wind
• what is chemical weathering

  action of chemicals within rain dissolving the rock (acid rain)
• what is biological weathering

  rocks that have been broken down by living organisms
• stages of freeze thaw weathering

  1. water seeps into cracks and fractures in the rock
  2. when the water freezes, it expands about 9%. This wedges apart the rock
  3. with repeated freeze thaw, the rock breaks off
• what is attritionerosion

  rocks that bash against each other and become smoother/smaller
• what is solution erosion

  a chemical reaction that dissolves rocks