Quiz 2

• cachexia extreme loss of weight and body wasting associated with serious illness
• calculus a stone developing in the body, e.g. kidney or bile (not the branch of mathematics!)
• carbuncle deep-seated pus-producing infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues
• carcinogen a substance that causes cancer
• cardiomegaly hypertrophy (enlargement) of the heart
• caries destruction of bone or teeth
• caseous """cheesy"" or ""cheese-like"". As in caseous necrosis - cell death characteristic of certain inflammations (e.g. tuberculosis) where the affected tissue shows the crumbly consistency and dull, opaque quality of cheese. Based on casein - the principal protein of milk, the basis of curds and cheese."
• catarrh inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous. catarrhal (adj.)
• cellulitis inflammation of the soft or connective tissue in which a thin, watery exudate spreads through the tissue spaces.
• cholangitis inflammation of a bile duct or the entire biliary tree.
• cholecyst the gallbladder
• cholelithiasis "presence of concretions (""gall stones"") in the gallbladder or bile ducts."
• chronic a condition with slow onset, mild but continuous manifestations and long
• colposcope a speculum for examining the vagina and cervix with a magnifying lens. (colposcopy is the procedure).
• coma a state of profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused.
• congenital present at birth; cause may be genetic or non-genetic (infectious, chemical, physical).
• contralateral the opposite side of the body.
• contusion a bruise; an injury of a part without a break in the skin, characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain.
• cor pulmonale right-sided heart failure which occurs as a result of long-standing lung disease.
• cryptorchid a person with undescended testes.
• cryptorchism (cryptorchidism) failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum.
• CT (computerized tomograph) sophisticated radiologic technique yielding a detailed image of internal body structures. Also CAT - computerized axial tomography.
• cyanosis a bluish discoloration of skin, lips, nail beds or mucous membranes due to excessive concentrations of reduced hemoglobin in blood and hence deficient oxygenation of blood. cyanotic (adj.).
• degenerative progressive and often irreversible deterioration
• dehiscence splitting or bursting of a wound; surgical complication
• dialysis a procedure by which a machine is used to replace kidney functions in patients with diseased kidneys.
• diaphoresis perspiration, especially profuse perspiration
• dilation the act of dilating or stretching.
• dilatation the condition of being stretched beyond normal dimensions, usually in a tubular structure or an opening
• diuresis excessive amount of urine
• diuretic produces an increase in amount or urine.
• diverticulum (diverticula = pl) a pouch or sac occurring normally or created by the bulging of a membrane through a defect in the muscular coat of a tubular organ, such as the intestine.
• diverticulosis the presence of diverticula.
• diverticulitis an inflammation of a diverticulum, especially those in the wall of the colon which fill with fecal matter and become inflamed. May cause bleeding or obstruction or may burst.
• duct a passage with well-defined walls, especially a tubular structure for the passage of excretions or secretions
• dysphagia painful or difficulty swallowing
• dysplasia abnormality of development; in pathology, alteration in size, shape, and organization of adult cells.
• dyspnea labored or difficult breathing.
• dysrhythmia defective heart rhythm; also see arrythmia.
• ecchymosis a small hemorrhagic spot in the skin or mucous membrane, larger than a petechia, forming a non-elevated, rounded, or irregular blue or purplish patch. ecchymoses, pl.