Midterm Exam Review

• What are wetlands defined as?

  Areas saturated with water
• What is groundwater stored in?

  Aquifers
• What is an example of a chemical factor affecting water quality?

  pH levels
• What are riparian areas adjacent to?

  Rivers and streams
• What process occurs when excess nutrients in water lead to excessive plant growth?

  Eutrophication
• What does aquatic biodiversity refer to?

  Variety of life in water
• What is the primary cause of global warming?

  Human activities
• What are biological indicators used to assess?

  Water health
• What does the Air Quality Index (AQI) indicate?

  Air pollution level
• What is a common source of particulate matter (PM) in the air?

  Fossil fuel combustion
• What are the reactants needed for ground-level ozone formation?

  NOx, VOCs, sunlight
• How is ozone formed in the air?

  NOx and VOCs in sunlight
• Steps in ground-level ozone formation

  1️⃣ NOx and VOCs are emitted

  2️⃣ Sunlight triggers reaction

  3️⃣ Ground-level ozone is produced
• What is a health effect of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure?

  Headaches and dizziness
• What technology is used in factories to remove harmful gases from industrial emissions?

  Scrubbers
• What is the health effect of radon, a common indoor air pollutant?

  Lung cancer
• Match the type of scrubber with its process:

  Wet Scrubbers ↔️ Uses liquid to capture pollutants

  Dry Scrubbers ↔️ Uses solid materials to absorb pollutants
• Which pollutants are targeted by wet scrubbers in industrial emissions?

  Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Particulate Matter (PM)
• What are riparian areas?

  Lands next to rivers and streams
• Match the source of run-off with its environmental impact:

  Agricultural run-off ↔️ Eutrophication, water contamination

  Urban run-off ↔️ Water pollution, health risks
• What is run-off?

  Water that flows over land
• What is point source pollution?

  Pollution from a single location
• What conditions encourage the growth of mold in indoor environments?

  Damp environments
• What is non-point source pollution?

  Pollution from widespread areas
• What is cultural eutrophication caused by?

  Human activity
• Match the type of eutrophication with its impact:

  Eutrophication ↔️ Gradual oxygen depletion

  Cultural eutrophication ↔️ Rapid oxygen depletion
• What does the Law of Tolerance state?

  Organisms survive within a certain range of environmental factors
• Fish can survive in water with temperatures below 10°C or above 25°C.

  False
• What are biological indicators used to assess in water quality?

  Water health
• What does the Air Quality Index (AQI) measure?

  Air quality levels
• Order the AQI levels from best to worst:

  1️⃣ Good (0-50)

  2️⃣ Moderate (51-100)

  3️⃣ Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (101-150)

  4️⃣ Unhealthy (151-200)

  5️⃣ Very Unhealthy (201-300)

  6️⃣ Hazardous (301-500)
• Match the keystone species with its impact:

  Sea otters ↔️ Maintain kelp forests

  Beavers ↔️ Create wetlands

  Wolves ↔️ Control herbivore populations
• What are keystone species?

  Organisms with large ecosystem impact
• How much has the average global temperature increased since the pre-industrial era?

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