Struggle for Independence

• What was Ghana formerly known as?

  Gold Coast
• When did Ghana gain independence?

  1957
• Who colonized Ghana and when?

  The British in 1821
• What was the purpose of the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)?

  To demand greater participation in government
• Who led the less cooperative nationalist movement in Ghana?

  Kwame Nkrumah
• How did Kwame Nkrumah respond to British actions against him?

  He transformed CPP into a major political party
• What was the outcome of the national elections in Ghana?

  The CPP won, achieving independence
• Who became the first Prime Minister of Ghana?

  Kwame Nkrumah
• What did Kwame Nkrumah push for in Ghana?

  Industrialization and improved social services
• What was Kwame Nkrumah's vision for Africa?

  United States of Africa
• Why did Kwame Nkrumah's vision for Africa fail?

  Lack of funds to support his programs
• What was significant about Ghana's independence?

  First sub-Saharan African country to gain independence
• When did Kenya gain independence?

  1963
• What event marked the beginning of Kenya's colonial history?

  The Berlin Conference in 1885
• What did the British establish in Kenya in 1895?

  The East African Protectorate
• What conflict arose between white Kenyan farmers and the Kikuyu people?

  Land ownership and independence fears
• What was the Mau Mau movement?

  A violent movement by Kikuyu farmers
• Who was the first Prime Minister of Kenya?

  Jomo Kenyatta
• What characterized Daniel Arap Moi's rule in Kenya?

  Corruption and political repression
• What led to the reintroduction of multiparty politics in Kenya?

  Domestic and international pressure
• When did Algeria gain independence?

  1962
• What incident did France use to justify their invasion of Algeria?

  The fly whisk incident
• What was France's aim in Algeria?

  To assimilate Algerians into French culture
• What led to the armed conflict in Algeria?

  Desire for independence from French rule
• Who became the first president of Algeria?

  Ahmed Ben Bella
• What was the outcome of Ahmed Ben Bella's presidency?

  Failed to create a socialist state
• What issues arose in Algeria after Ben Bella's presidency?

  Religious fundamentalism and civil war
• When did the Democratic Republic of Congo gain independence?

  1960
• Who established the Congo Free State?

  Belgian King Leopold II
• What happened after international outcry over Leopold II's abuses?

  Belgium took control in 1908
• Who was the first Prime Minister of the Congo?

  Patrice Lumumba
• What happened to Patrice Lumumba after independence?

  He was overthrown and executed
• What characterized Mobutu Sese Seko's regime?

  Kleptocracy and corruption
• What name did Mobutu Sese Seko give to the Congo?

  Zaire
• Who seized power in the Congo in 1997?

  Laurent Kabila
• What did Laurent Kabila promise after seizing power?

  Democracy and free elections
• What happened to Laurent Kabila in 2001?

  He was assassinated
• When did South Africa become a self-governing Union?

  1910
• Which two European powers colonized South Africa?

  Netherlands and Great Britain
• When did South Africa become a fully independent republic?

  1981