Lesson 2

• it is the simplest level that deals with the body’s chemistry and involves individual atoms and molecules?

  chemical level
• molecules work together as organelles to perform specific functions?

  organelle level
• the organelles work together to perform specific functions for a cell?

  cellular level
• the body is composed of trillions of cells that work together to complete specific functions at?

  tissue level
• different tissues work together to perform particular functions at the ?

  organ level
• the organs work together at the __ to perform functions such as digestion and respiration?

  system level
• it is the most complex since it covers the essential information about each level of this hierarchy up through an introduction to the systems?

  organism level
• defined as anything that takes up space and has mass?

  matter
• it is the simplest chemical component of matter, it ha a unique set of chemical properties and cannot be separated by chemical methods?

  Element
• the smallest piece of an element stil exhibiting the element‘s unique set of chemical properties is?

  Atom
• the number of protons for each element is fixed and is indicated as?

  Atomic number
• is the combined number of protons and neurons?

  atomic mass
• it is two or more atoms bonded together ?

  Molecule
• a very stable bond that occurs when two or more atoms share electrons to fill their outer shell?

  Covalent bond
• two or more atoms bind to form a molecule by giving up or receiving electrons from each other to fill their outer shells?

  Ionic bond
• atoms with a charge are called ?

  Ions
• these ions in solution, they are capable of conducting electricity ?

  electrolytes
• it is a weak bond that occurs between a positively charged hydrogen atom and a negatively charged oxygen or nitrogen atom?

  Hydrogen bond
• it refers to the amount of solute present in a solution relative to the amount of solvent?

  Concentration
• a solution that is more concentrated with solutes than the other solution?

  Hypertonic solution
• it is a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the other solutions?

  Isotonic solution
• it is a solution that is less concentrated with solutes than the other solutions?

  hypotonic
• it is a molecule that releases a hydrogen ion when added to water?

  Acid
• it is a molecule that will accept the hydrogen ion, often by releasing a hydroxide ion when added to water?

  Base
• with this, you ca measure the strength of acids and bases by using a ? (ranges from 0 - 14)

  pH scale
• organic molecules come from life and must contain atoms of the elements carbon and hydrogen?

  chemistry
• the four major types of organic molecules are ?

  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
• it is the simplest form of carbohydrates and are the building blocks oof carbohydrates?

  Monosaccharides (ex: glucose, fructose, galactose)
• if you combine two monosaccharides to form a single molecule you have a ?

  disaccharide (ex: maltose, sucrose and lactose)
• if you string many monosaccharides together likee a beads in a necklace to form a single molecule?

  Polysaccharide (ex: glycogen and starch)
• these organic molecules contains atoms of the same elements as those in carbohydrates (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) but not in the 1:2:1 ratio?

  Lipids
• what are building blocks of lipids?

  fatty acids and glycerol
• these organic molecules contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. the building blocks of for this are the 20 different amino cids?

  Proteins
• what are the most abundant in the body are?

  fats (triglycerides), phospholipids, steroids
• these organic molecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus?

  Nucleic acids
• it is the building blocks for nucleic acids?

  Nucleotides
• nucleotides are strung together in a twisted, double strand ?

  DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
• the nitrogenous bases in DNA are?

  Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Thymine
• These organic molecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus?

  Nucleic acids
• It is the building blocks for nucleic acids ?

  Nucleotides