* Extracting Metals and Equilibria

• oxidation is when oxygen is added to the reaction.
• reduction is when oxygen is removed from the reaction.
• combustion reactions involve oxidation. They are always exothermic.
• The more easily a metal atom loses its outer electrons and forms a positive ion, the more reactive it will be. To find the more reactive and less reactive metals, you use this experiment ->

  
• Displacement reactions are examples of redox reactions. In displacement reactions the more reactive element reacts to take the place of a less reactive element in a compound. So the more reactive element is oxidised and the less reactive element is reduced.
• the reactivity series is a table that lists metals in order of their reactivity.

  
• Metals that are more reactive than carbon are extracted using electrolysis of molten compounds.
• The 4 stages of the lifecycle assessment are: choice of material, manufacture, product use + disposal.
• a reversible reaction is where the products can react with each other to produce the original reactants, so it basically goes both ways.

  
• Dynamic equilibrium is where the forward and backward reactions are both happening at the same time and at the same rate.
• The 3 things that can change the position of equilibrium are: temperature, pressure + concentration.