DNA, Cell Cycle, Heredity

    Cards (25)

    • What is the purpose of DNA replication?
      Ensure each new cell receives an exact copy of DNA
    • What are the base-pairing rules in DNA replication?
      A pairs with T, C pairs with G
    • What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
      Adds nucleotides to the new DNA strand
    • What does topoisomerase do during DNA replication?
      Relieves tension ahead of the replication fork
    • Match the enzyme with its role in DNA replication:
      DNA Helicase ↔️ Unwinds the DNA double helix
      DNA Ligase ↔️ Joins DNA fragments
    • What does the term "semiconservative replication" mean?
      Each new DNA molecule has one original and one new strand
    • Order the subphases of Interphase:
      1️⃣ G1 Phase
      2️⃣ S Phase
      3️⃣ G2 Phase
    • What are the stages of mitosis?
      Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
    • Match the cell cycle phase with its description:
      M Phase ↔️ Includes mitosis and cytokinesis
      Interphase ↔️ Prepares the cell for division
    • What is the outcome of cytokinesis?
      Two identical daughter cells
    • What are genes made of?
      DNA
    • What happens when a dominant allele is paired with a recessive allele?
      The dominant trait is expressed
    • Match the term with its definition:
      Genotype ↔️ Allele combination
      Phenotype ↔️ Physical expression of a trait
    • What does it mean for an individual to be homozygous for a trait?
      They have two identical alleles
    • Order Mendel's Laws of Inheritance:
      1️⃣ Law of Segregation
      2️⃣ Law of Independent Assortment
      3️⃣ Law of Dominance
    • What does Mendel's Law of Segregation state?
      Each gamete carries only one allele
    • What happens to a trait coded by identical alleles?
      Always expressed
    • What does the Law of Dominance state in heterozygous individuals?
      Dominant allele masks recessive
    • Steps for using a Punnett Square
      1️⃣ Write each parent’s genotype
      2️⃣ Combine alleles within the square
      3️⃣ Determine offspring genotypes
      4️⃣ Determine offspring phenotypes
    • Where are sex-linked traits located?
      X chromosome
    • Match the type of inheritance with its example:
      Codominance ↔️ AB blood type
      Incomplete Dominance ↔️ Pink snapdragon flowers
    • Which alleles are codominant in the ABO blood type system?
      IAI^{A} and IBI^{B}
    • Match the pedigree symbol with its meaning:
      Square (☐) ↔️ Male
      Circle (Ο) ↔️ Female
      Filled-in shape ↔️ Affected individual
      Horizontal line (━) ↔️ Marriage or partnership
    • What is the first step in constructing a pedigree?
      Start with propositus
    • What is the blood type of an individual with the genotype I^{A}I^{B}</latex>?
      AB
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