Ecology

• microorganisms and plants 6 marker:

  • microorganisms use enzymes to digest larger molecules into smaller molecules
  • While digesting, they respire which produces carbon dioxide
  • Carbon dioxide is taken in by the leaves in the plants by diffusion via the stomata
  • Carbon dioxide is then used in photosynthesis which produces glucose
  • Microorganisms release mineral ions which are taken in by the plant roots by active transport
  • An example of this is nitrate ions which the plants use to make amino acids which make the plant grow
• Algae receive energy from light being absorbed by the chloroplasts
• percentage decrease in biomass:

  • (initial mass - second mass / initial mass) x 100
• proportion = altered : normal
• kingdom / phylum / class / order / family / genus / species
• binormal name = genus species
• Range of beaks on different islands being different:

  • range of beak depths due to different combinations of alleles of several genes
  • large range of food on one island compared to the other so there is more competition for food
  • larger beaked birds get enough food so they survive
  • Big beaked birds survive and survivors reproduce and pass on the beneficial alleles to their offspring