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Psychology case studies
Developmental Psychology
kohlberg
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spencer neadle
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Cards (22)
What is the aim of the study on moral reasoning?
To measure
changes
in
moral
reasoning
development
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What method was used in the study?
Longitudinal
research using
self-report
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What was the sample size of the study?
75
boys from
Chicago
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How long were the boys followed in the study?
For
12 years
at
3-year intervals
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What age range did the boys start at in the study?
10
to
16
years old
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Which countries besides the USA were included in the study?
Britain
,
Canada
,
Taiwan
,
Mexico
,
Turkey
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What are the three levels of moral reasoning?
Pre-conventional
,
conventional
,
post-conventional
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What characterizes the pre-conventional level of moral reasoning?
Goodness
or
badness
is determined by
consequences
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What is Stage 1 of the pre-conventional level?
Goodness
or
badness
is determined by
consequences
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What is Stage 2 of the pre-conventional level?
Children
conform to
rules
for
rewards
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What is Stage 3 of the conventional level?
Good
girl
/
boy
stage, obeying
rules
for
praise
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What is Stage 4 of the conventional level?
Rules
should be
obeyed
for
social
order
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What is Stage 5 of the post-conventional level?
Moral
actions
maximize
social
welfare
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What is Stage 6 of the post-conventional level?
Universal
ethical
principles
based on
justice
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What was the Heinz dilemma?
Heinz
stole a
drug
to
save
his
wife
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How did Kohlberg analyze children's morality?
By analyzing the
reasoning
behind their
answers
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What were the conclusions of the study?
Three
levels and
six
stages of
moral
reasoning
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What does Kohlberg's theory state about the stages?
People pass through levels in a specific
order
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What was the background of Kohlberg's theory?
It was based on
Piaget's
work
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What did Piaget's theory focus on?
Cognitive development through
schemata
updates
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What are the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg?
Pre-conventional Level:
Stage 1:
Consequences
determine goodness/badness
Stage 2:
Conformity
for rewards
Conventional Level:
Stage 3: Good girl/boy stage for praise
Stage 4:
Obeying
rules for social order
Post-conventional Level:
Stage 5: Actions for
majority welfare
Stage 6:
Universal ethical principles
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What are the implications of Kohlberg's findings on moral reasoning development?
Moral reasoning develops in
stages
Each stage replaces
earlier
reasoning
Not
everyone
reaches all stages
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