Cards (22)

    • What is the aim of the study on moral reasoning?
      To measure changes in moral reasoning development
    • What method was used in the study?
      Longitudinal research using self-report
    • What was the sample size of the study?
      75 boys from Chicago
    • How long were the boys followed in the study?
      For 12 years at 3-year intervals
    • What age range did the boys start at in the study?
      10 to 16 years old
    • Which countries besides the USA were included in the study?
      Britain, Canada, Taiwan, Mexico, Turkey
    • What are the three levels of moral reasoning?
      Pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional
    • What characterizes the pre-conventional level of moral reasoning?
      Goodness or badness is determined by consequences
    • What is Stage 1 of the pre-conventional level?
      Goodness or badness is determined by consequences
    • What is Stage 2 of the pre-conventional level?
      Children conform to rules for rewards
    • What is Stage 3 of the conventional level?
      Good girl/boy stage, obeying rules for praise
    • What is Stage 4 of the conventional level?
      Rules should be obeyed for social order
    • What is Stage 5 of the post-conventional level?
      Moral actions maximize social welfare
    • What is Stage 6 of the post-conventional level?
      Universal ethical principles based on justice
    • What was the Heinz dilemma?
      Heinz stole a drug to save his wife
    • How did Kohlberg analyze children's morality?
      By analyzing the reasoning behind their answers
    • What were the conclusions of the study?
      Three levels and six stages of moral reasoning
    • What does Kohlberg's theory state about the stages?
      People pass through levels in a specific order
    • What was the background of Kohlberg's theory?
      It was based on Piaget's work
    • What did Piaget's theory focus on?
      Cognitive development through schemata updates
    • What are the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg?
      • Pre-conventional Level:
      • Stage 1: Consequences determine goodness/badness
      • Stage 2: Conformity for rewards
      • Conventional Level:
      • Stage 3: Good girl/boy stage for praise
      • Stage 4: Obeying rules for social order
      • Post-conventional Level:
      • Stage 5: Actions for majority welfare
      • Stage 6: Universal ethical principles
    • What are the implications of Kohlberg's findings on moral reasoning development?
      • Moral reasoning develops in stages
      • Each stage replaces earlier reasoning
      • Not everyone reaches all stages