-The use of nanoscale is one important interdisciplinary area generated by advancement in science and technology.
A nanometer is a billionth of a meter, or 10-9 of a meter.
German engineers Emst Ruska and Max Knoll built the first electron microscope during the 1930s.
Atomic force microscope (AFM). It was first developed by Gerd Binig, Calvin Quate, and Christoph Gerber in 1986.
Scanning tunneling microscope. This special type of microscope enables scientists to view and manipulate nanoscale particles, atoms, and small molecules.
BOTTOM-UP FABRICATION. It manufactures products by building them up from atomic- and molecularscale components.
TOP-DOWN FABRICATION. It trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale.