Sources of Law

• Northern Ireland is part of the UK, which is a sovereign
• Acts of Parliament apply to all of the UK unless the act specifies otherwise.
• There is no single system of law for the entire UK
• Arrange the legal jurisdictions in the UK.

  1️⃣ England and Wales

  2️⃣ Scotland

  3️⃣ Northern Ireland
• Is the Republic of Ireland part of the UK?

  No
• The UK Supreme Court hears appeals from Scotland and Northern Ireland
• The UK Supreme Court hears both civil and criminal appeals from Scotland.

  False
• Match the island with its description.

  Channel Islands ↔️ Located near the North West coast of Europe

  Isle of Man ↔️ Has its own legal system
• What does public law regulate?

  Disputes between state and individuals
• Criminal law is a type of public law.
• Private law regulates disputes between individuals
• What is the standard of proof in civil cases?

  Balance of probabilities
• Parliament is the supreme law-making body in the UK.
• UK courts cannot declare an Act of Parliament invalid
• What are the three types of bills in Parliament?

  Public, private, hybrid
• Parliament can delegate legislative powers to other bodies.
• Delegated legislation can be challenged in court if it is ultra vires
• Match the type of legislation with its example.

  International ↔️ European Union law

  Primary ↔️ Acts of Parliament

  Secondary ↔️ Statutory instruments
• Secondary legislation must conform to the scope of the primary legislation.
• What is the positive resolution procedure for secondary legislation?

  Requires approval from Parliament
• Local customs are frequently used as a source of law today.

  False
• Judges are required to interpret statutes including Parliament’s intent.
• Common law doctrines and principles have developed over time with or without statutory intervention.
• What is precedent in English law?

  Authoritative judicial interpretation
• Common law refers to all judge-made law.
• Equity principles act as an "add-on" to common law.
• Arrange the historical development of equity in chronological order.

  1️⃣ Norman conquest

  2️⃣ King sends commissioners

  3️⃣ Development of common law

  4️⃣ Creation of Court of Chancery
• What prevails in a conflict between common law and equity?

  Equity
• All criminal cases start in the Magistrates' Court.
• Crown Court cases are usually decided by a judge and jury.
• Arrange the civil courts in order of their jurisdiction.

  1️⃣ County Court

  2️⃣ High Court

  3️⃣ Court of Appeal (Civil Division)

  4️⃣ Supreme Court
• What is the standard of proof in civil cases?

  Balance of probabilities
• The Family Court seeks to resolve disputes rather than adjudicate them.
• Match the High Court division with its jurisdiction.

  King's Bench Division ↔️ Tort and contract law

  Chancery Division ↔️ Business, property, insolvency

  Family Division ↔️ Divorce and child protection
• Trial courts hear cases for the first time.
• Appellate courts hear appeals from lower courts.
• What are three examples of cases dealt with by the appellate jurisdiction?

  Taxation, insolvency, land registration
• The President of the Family Division is responsible for disputes arising in family matters
• Criminal law involves the state taking action against individuals.
• What type of law deals with offences as most people understand them?

  Criminal law