GENDER AND SOCIETY (PRELIM)

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Created by
Alysa Heart

Cards (62)

  • Gender and Society is under the program Gender and Development (GAD).
  • The Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710) defines Gender and Development Program (GAD) as the development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination and actualization of human potentials. 
  • People-Centered Approach
    • Criticizes all existing economic approaches 
    • Focuses on redistribution of wealth and education for all
    • More concerned on the principle of good governance 
    • Ensuring human rights
    • Stresses on participation of people in all government activities to empower them and to bring change in the existing structures.
  • Gender and Development (GAD) seeks to achieve gender equality as a fundamental value that should be reflected in development choices and contends that women are active agents of development, not just passive recipients of development.
  • Gender Blind - lack of recognition of gender as an essential determinant of life choices that are available in society.
  • Gender Aware - recognition of gender inequality; that there are differences between men and women in terms of access to and control over resources, including opportunities for development.
  • Gender Sensitive - recognition of the underlying and hidden cause of gender inequality. Differences are felt undesirable and unjustifiable. Problems resulting from inequality and discrimination are identified.
  • Gender Responsive - presence of programs, projects and processes that systematically incorporate or address gender concerns and issues.
  • Gender Fair/Equity - society where women and men equitably share in the responsibilities, power authority and decision-making and enjoy the benefits.
  • Gender Accountable - gender equity is viewed as the key commitment of the organization; it assumes responsibility to make gender an integral part of what the organization is and what it does.
  • Sex is the physical attributes pertaining to a person’s body contours, features, hormones, genes, chromosomes and reproductive organs (genitals). 
  • Sex is the biological characteristics of being a female or a male
  • Sex is generally permanent and universal.
  • Primary sex characteristics of Men:
    • Penis
    • Testes (androgen and testosterone)
    • Scrotum 
    • Sperm
    • Vas deferens
  • Primary sex characteristics of Women 
    • Uterus 
    • Ovaries (estrogen and progesterone)
    • Ovum 
    • Fallopian tube
    • Cervix
    • Vagian 
    • Clitoris
  • Equity: There is equitable distribution of opportunities, such as everyone being provided with what they need to ensure they do their best.
  • Equality: There is equal distribution of opportunities, such as everyone being provided with the same thing to ensure they achieve their best.
  • Gender Sensitivity is the ability to recognize gender issues and especially the ability to recognize women’s different perceptions and interests arising from their different social location and different gender roles.
  • Sex Roles are socially coded behaviors and practices often related to a person’s reproductive capacities, such as women with the roles of motherhood and men with fatherhood.
  • Sex Roles of Female: 
    • Gestation 
    • Lactation 
    • Child-bearing
  • Gestation is the period of time between conception and birth. During this time, the baby grows and develops inside the mother's womb.
  • Lactation is the process of producing breast milk and is normal for people who are pregnant or recently gave birth.
  • Child-bearing is the process of becoming and being pregnant with and giving birth to children.
  • Sex Roles of Male: 
    • Ovum fertilization
    • Produces spermatozoa which determine child’s sex
  • Human sexuality refers to the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors of individuals. 
  • Human sexuality deals with anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the sexual response system, with roles, identity and personality, with individual thoughts, feelings, behaviors and relationships.
  • Gender Milestones: 
    1. Gender Blind
    2. Gender Aware 
    3. Gender Sensitive
    4. Gender Responsive 
    5. Gender Fair/Equity 
    6. Gender Accountable
  • Sexual Response Cycle 
    1. Excitement 
    2. Plateau
    3. Orgasm
    4. Resolution
  • Masturbation or desire to view pornography are sexual activity and desire in a secondary sense, substitutes for normal sexual desire in its primary sense.
  • Sexual desire in its primary sense can be defined as desire or physical contact with another person’s body and for the pleasure that such contact brings. 
  • Gender are expectations, held about the characteristics, aptitudes, and likely behaviors of both women and men.
  • Gender refers to the set of qualities, differentiated roles or responsibilities, attitudes, and values assigned by culture and society to women and men.
  • Variables under sex:
    1. Reproductive Organs
    2. Sex Roles
  • Variables under gender: 
    1. Roles
    2. Characteristic 
    3. Attitude 
    4. Behavior
    5. Expectation
    6. Value
    7. Places visited 
    8. Things used
  • Gender Roles are culturally determined activities and responsibilities that are assigned to men and women on the basis of their perceived gender differences. They include different jobs expected of males or females by a particular culture. 
  • Agents of Gender Socialization 
    • Family
    • School
    • Media
    • Church
    • Workplace
  • Productive Role - tasks that contribute economically (income generating) to the household and to the community like agriculture, manufacturing, livelihood enterprise, services, wage employment, etc.
  • Reproductive Role - care and maintenance of the households and its members, including the bearing and caring of children, food preparation, water, fuel collection, shopping, housekeeping and family health care.
  • Community Role - tasks that have to do with managing activities of community organizations and projects or they have to do with leadership of community organizations and political structures related to political concerns and affairs of the locality.
  • Gender Gap refers to a condition wherein men and women in a particular culture and society have unequal access to and control of resources and benefits, and thus have an unequal status or are given unequal value in that culture or society.