9.11 Conservation of Biodiversity

• Biodiversity encompasses species, genetic, and ecosystem diversity
• What are the three main components of biodiversity?

  Species, genetic, ecosystem
• Genetic diversity enhances species adaptability
• What does ecosystem diversity support?

  Diverse ecological functions
• Loss of biodiversity can lead to reduced ecosystem resilience.
• Major threats to biodiversity in order of their impact

  1️⃣ Habitat destruction

  2️⃣ Invasive species

  3️⃣ Pollution

  4️⃣ Overexploitation

  5️⃣ Climate change
• What is an example of habitat destruction that reduces biodiversity?

  Deforestation for agriculture
• Invasive species compete with native species for resources
• Pollution can damage habitats and disrupt ecosystem functions.
• What is an example of overexploitation that threatens biodiversity?

  Overfishing
• Climate change affects species distributions and disrupts ecosystems
• What is the purpose of establishing protected areas for biodiversity conservation?

  Safeguard habitats and species
• Sustainable use balances human needs with conservation efforts.
• Match the biodiversity conservation strategy with its example:

  Protected Areas ↔️ Yellowstone National Park

  Habitat Restoration ↔️ Reforestation of deforested areas

  Sustainable Use ↔️ Sustainable fishing practices

  Ex-Situ Conservation ↔️ Breeding programs for endangered species

  Education and Awareness ↔️ School workshops on biodiversity
• Where do ex-situ conservation efforts take place?

  Zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks
• The Habitat Integrity Index measures the health of a habitat
• The Habitat Integrity Index (HII) measures the health of a habitat
• The formula for the Habitat Integrity Index (HII) is: $\text{HII} =$$\frac{\text{Area of intact habitat}}{\text{Total habitat area}} \times 100$, which calculates the percentage of intact habitat
• The Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative aims to connect habitats from Yellowstone National Park to Yukon, Canada
• Match the case study with its key result:

  Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative ↔️ Increased habitat connectivity

  Costa Rica’s Payments for Ecosystem Services ↔️ Reduced deforestation rates

  Reintroduction of Gray Wolves ↔️ Re-established wolf populations
• The success of biodiversity conservation projects depends on scientific understanding, community engagement, and supportive policies.
• What three types of diversity does biodiversity encompass?

  Species, genetic, and ecosystem
• Species diversity refers to the variety of species in a given area
• Biodiversity provides vital ecosystem services and supports human livelihoods.
• What are five major threats to biodiversity?

  Habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, overexploitation, climate change
• Match the threat with its description:

  Habitat Destruction ↔️ Loss or fragmentation of natural habitats

  Invasive Species ↔️ Non-native species competing with native ones

  Overexploitation ↔️ Unsustainable harvesting of plants and animals

  Pollution ↔️ Contamination of ecosystems

  Climate Change ↔️ Rising temperatures and altered weather patterns
• Protected areas are established to safeguard habitats and species.
• What is the goal of habitat restoration?

  Restore degraded habitats
• Sustainable use balances human needs and conservation
• Ex-situ conservation involves protecting species in zoos, botanical gardens, and seed banks.
• Why is education and awareness important for biodiversity conservation?

  Increases public understanding
• What is the purpose of creating reserves and sanctuaries for biodiversity conservation?

  Safeguard habitats and species
• Yellowstone National Park protects habitats, preserves species, and offers recreational opportunities
• What is habitat restoration focused on achieving?

  Restoring degraded habitats
• Habitat restoration improves ecosystem services and biodiversity.
• What does sustainable use aim to balance?

  Human needs and conservation
• Sustainable fishing practices ensure resource availability and preserve ecosystem integrity
• What is ex-situ conservation primarily concerned with?

  Protecting species in controlled environments
• Match the conservation strategy with its example:

  Habitat Restoration ↔️ Reforestation of deforested areas

  Education and Awareness ↔️ School workshops on biodiversity

  Sustainable Use ↔️ Sustainable fishing practices

  Ex-Situ Conservation ↔️ Breeding programs for endangered species
• Why is education and awareness important for biodiversity conservation?

  Promotes responsible behavior