9.7 The Fall of Communism

• The Berlin Wall was built to prevent East Germans from fleeing to West Germany.
• On what date was the Berlin Wall opened?

  November 9, 1989
• The opening of the Berlin Wall was driven by figures like Gorbachev
• The fall of the Berlin Wall marked a pivotal step in ending the Cold War.
• What was the primary purpose of the Berlin Wall?

  To prevent East Germans from fleeing
• The Berlin Wall was unexpectedly opened in 1989 due to increasing public protests
• Mikhail Gorbachev played a key role in the opening of the Berlin Wall.
• What is the central principle of Communism?

  Community ownership
• Communism aims to create a classless society
• In Communism, resources are collectively owned by the public.
• What type of economic decision-making is central to Communism?

  Central planning
• Communism seeks revolutionary change to overthrow capitalist structures
• Marxism-Leninism is a guiding theoretical framework for communist states.
• What is the key difference between Communism and Marxism-Leninism in resource management?

  Collective vs. state control
• What is public ownership in the context of economic systems?

  Collective ownership of resources
• Central planning involves government control over economic decisions.
• Marxism-Leninism is a theoretical framework for communist states that advocates for a socialist revolution
• What is the primary goal of communism as an economic and political system?

  Collective ownership of production
• One of the main principles of communism is the creation of a classless society.
• Under communism, private property is encouraged to foster individual initiative.

  False
• What theoretical framework guides communist states according to Marxism-Leninism?

  Socialist revolution led by vanguard party
• In Marxism-Leninism, the means of production are controlled by the state.
• Chronological order of Cold War alliances

  1️⃣ Creation of NATO

  2️⃣ Formation of the Warsaw Pact
• Western Europe aligned with the Soviet Union after World War II.

  False
• Why did economic stagnation occur in communist countries?

  Inefficiencies in central planning
• The absence of market incentives reduced innovation in communist economies.
• What is the primary goal of communism in terms of social structure?

  Elimination of social classes
• Eastern Europe adopted democratic governments after World War II.

  False
• Match the Cold War bloc with its key characteristics:

  Western Europe ↔️ Democracy, Capitalism, NATO

  Eastern Europe ↔️ Communism, Central Planning, Warsaw Pact
• What type of planning characterized communist economies?

  Central planning
• The lack of responsiveness to consumer needs in communist economies led to a lower standard of living.
• Political repression and human rights violations were common features of communist states.
• What roles did dissidents and reformers play in challenging communist regimes?

  Challenged the system from within
• Dissidents challenged the legitimacy of communist regimes and inspired resistance
• Match the role with its impact:

  Dissidents ↔️ Inspired resistance

  Reformers ↔️ Influenced policy
• The Solidarity movement in Poland, led by Lech Wałęsa, was a key dissident force against communist rule.
• Political repression increased the risks faced by dissidents under communist regimes.
• What is the main goal of communism as a political and economic system?

  Collective ownership
• One principle of communism is the creation of a classless society.
• Public ownership of resources is a key principle of communism.