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AP Environmental Science
Unit 8: Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
8.6 Thermal Pollution
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What is thermal pollution?
Heated water discharge
Hot thermal pollution reduces
oxygen solubility
in water.
Hot thermal pollution reduces
oxygen
solubility and alters species distribution.
How does cold thermal pollution affect aquatic organisms?
Slows metabolic rates
Order the main sources of thermal pollution based on their primary contribution to temperature change.
1️⃣ Industrial Discharge
2️⃣ Power Plants
3️⃣ Urban Runoff
4️⃣ Deforestation
Match each source of thermal pollution with its specific impact on water bodies.
Industrial Discharge ↔️ Disrupts ecosystems, harms aquatic life
Power Plants ↔️ Reduces oxygen levels, causes thermal shock
Urban Runoff ↔️ Increases water temperature, contaminates water
Deforestation ↔️ Raises water temperature, alters habitats
What is the primary effect of reduced oxygen levels due to thermal pollution?
Hypoxia
Oxygen solubility decreases as water temperature
increases
.
Oxygen solubility decreases as water temperature
increases
How does thermal pollution affect metabolic rates and reproduction of aquatic organisms?
Disrupts enzyme activity
What are the main industrial processes that contribute to thermal pollution?
Power plants
Match each source of thermal pollution with its specific contribution to water temperature change.
Industrial Discharge ↔️ Heated or cooled water
Power Plants ↔️ Warm water
Urban Runoff ↔️ Heated water from surfaces
Deforestation ↔️ Increased solar radiation
Industrial discharge releases heated or cooled water, disrupting
ecosystems
and harming aquatic life.
Power plants use water for cooling and discharge warm water, reducing
oxygen
levels.
How does deforestation contribute to thermal pollution?
Increases solar radiation
What is one major source of thermal pollution listed in the study material?
Urban Runoff
One main source of thermal pollution is
Industrial
Discharge.
Order the main sources of thermal pollution from most common to least common according to the study material.
1️⃣ Industrial Discharge
2️⃣ Power Plants
3️⃣ Urban Runoff
4️⃣ Deforestation
Industrial discharge can release water that is either
heated
or cooled.
Power plants use water for cooling and discharge warm water, which reduces
oxygen
levels.
What is the impact of industrial discharge on water bodies?
Disrupts ecosystems
Power plants release warm water that can cause
thermal shock
in aquatic life.
Match the source of thermal pollution with its impact on water bodies:
Power Plants ↔️ Reduces oxygen levels
Urban Runoff ↔️ Contaminates water
Deforestation ↔️ Alters aquatic habitats
What happens to oxygen solubility in water as temperature increases?
Decreases
A power plant discharging heated water can cause native fish to migrate while invasive species like
carp
flourish.
Increased soil temperature from
thermal pollution
can disrupt plant growth.
Match the effect of thermal pollution on terrestrial ecosystems with its impact:
Plant Growth ↔️ Reduced yields
Soil Microorganisms ↔️ Altered nutrient cycling
What is the purpose of cooling towers in mitigating thermal pollution?
Release heat into atmosphere
Cooling ponds are a
cost-effective
method to cool water naturally.
Reforestation reduces water temperature by providing
shade
.
What is the temperature reduction achieved if a cooling tower reduces discharge water temperature from 40°C to25°C?
15°C
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