9.5 Postwar Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Atrocities

• Postwar Nationalism refers to the resurgence and intensification of nationalist sentiments and movements across Europe following World War II
• What was one major cause of postwar nationalism in Europe?

  Collapse of Empires
• Politicians exploited nationalist sentiments to gain power after World War II.
• The collapse of colonial empires in Europe led to newly independent nations striving to assert their national identities
• Steps leading to ethnic conflicts in postwar Europe

  1️⃣ Territorial disputes

  2️⃣ Ethno-linguistic tensions

  3️⃣ Historical grievances
• The Northern Ireland conflict involved Protestants and Catholics.
• Which ethnic groups were involved in the conflict in Yugoslavia?

  Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks
• Match the conflict with its key ethnic groups:

  Northern Ireland ↔️ Protestants, Catholics

  Caucasus ↔️ Armenians, Azerbaijanis
• What was the Srebrenica Massacre in 1995?

  Systematic killing of Bosnian Muslims
• During the Kosovo War, both Serbs and Kosovar Albanians committed war crimes
• The Rwandan Genocide in 1994 involved the massacre of Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
• What were two primary impacts of nationalism and ethnic conflict on Europe after World War II?

  Boundary changes, displacement
• How many Bosnian Muslim men and boys were killed in the Srebrenica Massacre in 1995?

  Over 8,000
• The Rwandan Genocide primarily targeted Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
• The Kosovo War (1998-1999) involved war crimes committed by both Serbs and Kosovar Albanians
• What political impacts did nationalism and ethnic conflict have on Europe after World War II?

  Formation of new nations
• The societal impact of nationalism includes the strengthening of national identity
• The breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s is an example of the social fragmentation caused by nationalism and ethnic conflict.
• What does postwar nationalism refer to in Europe?

  Resurgence of nationalist sentiments
• Factors driving postwar nationalism

  1️⃣ Collapse of Empires

  2️⃣ Ethno-linguistic Tensions

  3️⃣ Political Opportunism
• Deep-seated resentments between ethnic communities are referred to as historical grievances
• What are key areas in Europe where ethnic conflicts occurred after World War II?

  Yugoslavia, Northern Ireland, Caucasus
• The Srebrenica Massacre involved the systematic killing of Bosnian Muslim men and boys by Bosnian Serb forces.
• The societal impact of nationalism includes the strengthening of national identity
• What are three roles of international organizations in addressing nationalism and ethnic conflict?

  Diplomacy, Peacekeeping, Humanitarian Aid
• The United Nations and the European Union have intervened successfully in various regions to prevent atrocities and stabilize volatile situations.
• Match the aspect with its legacy in contemporary Europe:

  Political Impact ↔️ Rise of nationalist political parties

  Social Impact ↔️ Ongoing segregation and discrimination

  Cultural Impact ↔️ Preservation of historical narratives
• What is one legacy of the Yugoslav Wars in the Balkans?

  Political fragmentation