8.4 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves

• What type of ecosystems are mangroves found in?

  Coastal tropical regions
• Mangroves are primarily found in environments with saltwater
• Order the hydrological processes that affect wetlands and mangroves:

  1️⃣ Permanently or seasonally waterlogged

  2️⃣ Tidal inundation
• What is one ecosystem service provided by mangroves?

  Coastal protection
• Wetlands support a diverse array of plant and animal
• Which ecosystem service do mangroves provide to coastal areas?

  Storm surge buffering
• Match the ecosystem service with its description:

  Flood control ↔️ Absorbs excess water during floods

  Water filtration ↔️ Removes pollutants from water

  Carbon sequestration ↔️ Stores significant amounts of $CO_{2}$
• What is one environmental consequence of habitat loss in wetlands?

  Reduced biodiversity
• Drainage of wetlands leads to the destruction of their habitat
• Climate change can lead to increased drought and salinity changes in wetlands.
• What type of biodiversity do mangroves support?

  Marine and terrestrial
• How does the conversion of wetlands for agriculture affect flood control?

  Decreases flood control
• Deforestation of mangroves leads to reduced coastal protection
• Order the environmental consequences of climate change on mangroves:

  1️⃣ Rising sea levels

  2️⃣ Saltwater intrusion

  3️⃣ Coastal erosion

  4️⃣ Mangrove mortality
• What is one economic impact of biodiversity loss due to wetland destruction?

  Reduced tourism revenue
• The annual economic value of mangrove protection for storm surge buffering is estimated at 100-300 per hectare.
• Mangroves are coastal ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions dominated by mangrove trees and shrubs
• Mangroves are typically found in freshwater environments.

  False
• What type of environments can wetlands occur in?

  Freshwater, brackish, or saltwater
• Wetlands support unique ecosystems with herbaceous and woody plants
• Match the ecosystem with its environment:

  Wetlands ↔️ Freshwater, brackish, saltwater areas

  Mangroves ↔️ Coastal tropical and subtropical regions
• Mangroves are adapted to freshwater conditions.

  False
• Steps in the hydrological cycle of mangroves:

  1️⃣ Tidal inundation
• What are some ecosystem services provided by wetlands?

  Flood control, water filtration
• Mangroves offer coastal protection
• Wetlands and mangroves have identical ecological roles.

  False
• Match the feature with its ecosystem:

  Salinity ↔️ Freshwater, brackish, saltwater

  Hydrology ↔️ Permanently or seasonally waterlogged

  Vegetation ↔️ Herbaceous and woody plants
• What is the environment where mangroves are found?

  Coastal tropical and subtropical
• Mangroves provide a critical habitat for marine and terrestrial life
• Wetlands and mangroves help mitigate the effects of climate change.
• What are some major human impacts on wetlands?

  Habitat loss, pollution, drainage
• Habitat loss in wetlands is caused by conversion to agriculture, housing, and industrial development
• Match the human impact on mangroves with its environmental consequence:

  Deforestation ↔️ Habitat loss, reduced coastal protection

  Pollution ↔️ Water contamination, damage to root systems

  Coastal development ↔️ Disruption of tidal flows, erosion
• Pollution in mangroves can damage their root systems
• What are the primary reasons for deforestation of mangroves?

  Agriculture, aquaculture, urbanization
• Pollution from agricultural runoff can damage mangrove root systems.
• Coastal development leads to the disruption of tidal flows
• What are the main consequences of climate change on mangroves?

  Saltwater intrusion, erosion, mortality
• Order the consequences of wetland and mangrove loss from most environmental to most economic impact.

  1️⃣ Biodiversity Loss

  2️⃣ Water Quality Deterioration

  3️⃣ Reduced Coastal Protection

  4️⃣ Loss of Fisheries and Tourism

  5️⃣ Increased Disaster Costs
• Match the conservation strategy with its description:

  Restoration ↔️ Re-establishing natural ecosystem functions

  Protection ↔️ Designating areas as reserves

  Sustainable Management ↔️ Integrating conservation with human activities