8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems

• What is the primary environmental impact of deforestation?

  Loss of habitat
• Overfishing can disrupt marine food webs
• Agricultural practices can lead to soil degradation and water pollution from fertilizers
• Match the human activity with its environmental impact:

  Deforestation ↔️ Loss of habitat

  Overfishing ↔️ Disrupted marine food webs

  Industrial Pollution ↔️ Water and air contamination
• What happens to biodiversity when deforestation occurs?

  Habitat destruction
• Deforestation reduces carbon sequestration and increases greenhouse gas emissions
• The equation for the change in greenhouse gas emissions due to deforestation is ΔE = - C × k
• What is a mitigation strategy for deforestation?

  Reforestation
• What is one mitigation strategy for overfishing?

  Fishing quotas
• Match the human activity with its environmental impact:

  Industrial Pollution ↔️ Water and air contamination

  Agricultural Practices ↔️ Soil degradation

  Urban Development ↔️ Habitat destruction
• The reduction of carbon sinks due to deforestation increases greenhouse gas emissions
• What is a mitigation strategy for overexploitation in marine ecosystems?

  Fishing quotas
• The equation for the rate of population change due to overexploitation is ΔP = rP - H
• Overexploitation in marine ecosystems leads to the reduction of fish populations
• Sustainable hunting practices can mitigate the effects of overexploitation in terrestrial ecosystems.
• What does $ΔP$ represent in the population change model due to overexploitation?


  Rate of population change
• In the population change model, $r$ represents the intrinsic growth rate
• Habitat loss leads to species extinction and reduced biodiversity.
• Habitat fragmentation isolates populations, increasing edge effects
• What does $S$ represent in the species-area relationship model?


  Number of species
• Match the human activity with its environmental impact:

  Deforestation ↔️ Loss of habitat, soil erosion

  Overfishing ↔️ Disrupted marine food webs

  Industrial Pollution ↔️ Water and air contamination

  Urban Development ↔️ Habitat destruction, pollution
• Habitat destruction from deforestation leads to species extinction
• The reduction of carbon sinks from deforestation increases greenhouse gas emissions.
• What does $C$ represent in the greenhouse gas emission model due to deforestation?


  Amount of carbon stored
• Sustainable aquaculture is a mitigation strategy for the environmental effects of overexploitation in marine ecosystems.
• Habitat restoration is a mitigation strategy for the effects of overexploitation in terrestrial ecosystems.
• What does $H$ represent in the population change model due to overexploitation?


  Harvesting rate
• Habitat loss from fragmentation leads to species extinction and reduced biodiversity.
• Habitat fragmentation disrupts food webs and reduces gene flow between populations.
• What does $A$ represent in the species-area relationship model?


  Area of the habitat
• Urbanization is the process by which human populations increasingly live in cities and metropolitan areas.
• Urban expansion leads to habitat fragmentation and isolates plant and animal populations.
• What happens to species diversity in urban environments due to habitat loss and fragmentation?

  It decreases
• Incorporating green infrastructure like parks can mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on ecosystems.
• Match the type of pollution with its ecosystem impact:

  Air Pollution ↔️ Acid rain, reduced visibility

  Water Pollution ↔️ Aquatic life disruption

  Soil Pollution ↔️ Soil degradation
• Air pollution can cause respiratory diseases and cardiovascular issues in humans.
• Water pollution can lead to eutrophication, which disrupts aquatic ecosystems.
• What is the primary impact of pollution on both ecosystems and human health?

  Significant negative effects
• Match the type of pollution with its primary human health impact:

  Air Pollution ↔️ Respiratory diseases

  Water Pollution ↔️ Waterborne diseases

  Soil Pollution ↔️ Cancer risks
• Air pollution can lead to acid rain and reduced visibility