8.10 20th-Century Cultural, Intellectual, and Artistic Developments

• What were the key movements in 20th-century cultural developments?

  Modernism, surrealism, existentialism, popular culture
• Modernism emphasized subjective experience and artistic innovation
• Surrealism aimed to unlock the unconscious mind through art.
• Match the cultural development with its key figure:

  Modernism ↔️ James Joyce

  Surrealism ↔️ Salvador Dalí

  Existentialism ↔️ Jean-Paul Sartre

  Popular Culture ↔️ Elvis Presley
• What did existentialism stress in a meaningless world?

  Individual freedom and responsibility
• Popular culture reflects widespread cultural trends and entertainment accessible to the masses
• Arrange the intellectual movements in the 20th century chronologically:

  1️⃣ Existentialism

  2️⃣ Postmodernism

  3️⃣ Critical Theory
• Existentialism influenced personal philosophies by highlighting individual choice.
• What did postmodernism reject in its core ideas?

  Universal truths
• Critical theory analyzes social institutions and cultural norms to uncover power
• Match the artistic movement with its key figure:

  Cubism ↔️ Pablo Picasso

  Surrealism ↔️ Salvador Dalí

  Abstract Expressionism ↔️ Jackson Pollock
• What did artistic innovations in the 20th century challenge?

  Traditional forms
• Modernism rejected traditional artistic forms.
• Existentialism stressed individual freedom and responsibility in a meaningless world
• What does Erich Maria Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front" portray?

  The horrors of World War I
• Picasso's "Guernica" is an anti-war statement reflecting the Spanish Civil War.
• Match the technology with its impact on culture:

  Mass Media ↔️ Spread popular culture and created shared national identities

  Internet ↔️ Enabled decentralized communication and digital art

  Computers ↔️ Facilitated creation of new music and visual art
• Technological advancements democratized access to culture
• The core ideas of existentialism include individual freedom, responsibility, and the meaninglessness of existence
• Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus are key thinkers of existentialism
• Postmodernism is characterized by the rejection of universal truths and skepticism about grand narratives
• Who are key thinkers of postmodernism?

  Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida
• The intellectual movements of the 20th century responded to societal anxieties and technological advancements
• Cubism, pioneered by Pablo Picasso, emphasized geometric shapes and multiple perspectives
• Surrealism, led by Salvador Dalí, sought to unlock the unconscious mind through dreamlike imagery
• What is Erich Maria Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front" about?

  The horrors of World War I
• Pablo Picasso's "Guernica" is a powerful anti-war statement depicting the destruction of the Spanish Civil War
• What does Shostakovich's "Symphony No. 7" (Leningrad Symphony) embody?

  Struggle during the Siege of Leningrad
• Stanley Kubrick's "Dr. Strangelove" explores the impact of global conflicts through film
• Match the technological advancement with its cultural impact:

  Mass Media ↔️ Spread popular culture and national identities

  Internet ↔️ Enabled decentralized communication and online art forms

  Computers ↔️ Facilitated new forms of music, visual art, and literature
• Mass media, including radio and television, played a significant role in shaping culture by spreading popular culture
• Television broadcasts of the moon landing created a shared national experience in many countries
• Order the following cultural transformations in Europe:

  1️⃣ Promotion of gender equality

  2️⃣ Rise of religious pluralism

  3️⃣ Establishment of a strong middle class society
• Greater religious diversity and secularism replaced predominantly church-based adherence