7.1 Introduction to Air Pollution

• What is air pollution defined as?

  Contamination of the atmosphere
• Volcanic eruptions release ash and gases
• Dust storms carry fine particles over long distances.
• Match the anthropogenic source with its primary pollutants:

  Industrial processes ↔️ Sulfur dioxide

  Transportation ↔️ Carbon monoxide

  Agricultural activities ↔️ Methane

  Household heating ↔️ Smoke
• What are primary pollutants?

  Directly released pollutants
• $Ozone (O3)$ is a secondary pollutant formed through reactions involving volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides
• Ozone damages lung tissue and vegetation.
• Match the pollutant with its primary source:

  Particulate Matter ↔️ Construction sites

  Nitrogen Oxides ↔️ Vehicle exhaust

  Sulfur Dioxide ↔️ Burning fossil fuels

  Carbon Monoxide ↔️ Incomplete combustion
• Steps in the formation of photochemical smog

  1️⃣ VOCs and NOx react in sunlight

  2️⃣ Ozone forms

  3️⃣ Smog reduces air quality
• What are the primary respiratory diseases exacerbated by air pollution?

  Asthma and COPD
• Particulate matter contributes to cardiovascular diseases by hardening the arteries
• Exposure to air pollution can increase mortality rates.
• What respiratory diseases are exacerbated by air pollution?

  Asthma and COPD
• Particulate matter contributes to the hardening of arteries, leading to heart attacks and strokes
• Children and the elderly are more vulnerable to the effects of air pollution due to their developing lungs and weakened immune systems, respectively.
• Match the health impact with its description:

  Respiratory Diseases ↔️ Asthma, COPD, lung cancer

  Cardiovascular Diseases ↔️ Heart attacks, strokes

  Increased Mortality ↔️ Higher overall death rate
• What is crucial to improving public health and well-being in the context of air pollution?

  Addressing air pollution
• Acid rain is formed when pollutants like $SO2$ and $NOx$ react with water
• What environmental impact occurs when excess nutrients from nitrogen oxides lead to excessive algae growth in water bodies?

  Eutrophication
• Match the environmental impact with its description and key pollutants:

  Acid Rain ↔️ Damages aquatic life and forests; $SO2, NOx$

  Eutrophication ↔️ Excessive algae growth in water bodies; Nitrogen oxides
• Which pollutants are responsible for the formation of acid rain?

  SO2 and NOx</latex>
• Eutrophication is caused by excess nutrients from pollutants like nitrogen oxides
• What type of water pollution is caused by acid rain?

  Lower pH levels
• Which greenhouse gases are primarily responsible for climate change due to air pollution?

  $CO2 and CH4$
• Acid rain can lower the pH of lakes, making them uninhabitable for some fish species.
• What are examples of natural sources of air pollution?

  Volcanic eruptions and forest fires
• Match the natural source of air pollution with its example:

  Volcanic Eruptions ↔️ Release ash and gases

  Dust Storms ↔️ Carry fine particles

  Pollen ↔️ Comes from plants
• Anthropogenic sources of air pollution include industrial processes, transportation, and agricultural activities
• Order the following anthropogenic sources of air pollution from most industrial to most household-related:

  1️⃣ Industrial processes

  2️⃣ Transportation

  3️⃣ Agricultural activities

  4️⃣ Household heating
• What is air pollution defined as?

  Contamination of the atmosphere
• Air pollutants arise from both natural and anthropogenic
• Volcanic eruptions are a natural source of air pollution.
• Match the natural source with its primary pollutant:

  Volcanic eruptions ↔️ Ash and gases

  Forest fires ↔️ Smoke and particulate matter

  Dust storms ↔️ Fine particles

  Pollen ↔️ Pollen
• What are anthropogenic sources of air pollution related to?

  Human activities
• Industrial processes generate sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
• Order the types of air pollution sources based on their environmental impact:

  1️⃣ Natural sources

  2️⃣ Anthropogenic sources
• Primary pollutants form through chemical reactions in the atmosphere.

  False
• How are secondary pollutants formed in the atmosphere?

  Chemical reactions
• Primary pollutants are directly emitted from sources without undergoing any reaction
• Match the pollutant type with its formation process:

  Primary ↔️ No reaction

  Secondary ↔️ Chemical reaction