6.14 Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

• What does an electric vehicle (EV) rely on for power?

  Battery
• Hybrid vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions.

  False
• A hybrid vehicle combines a gasoline engine with an electric motor and battery
• What is a hybrid vehicle?

  Gasoline engine + electric motor
• An electric vehicle reduces greenhouse gas emissions and operating costs
• What type of braking do hybrid vehicles use to recharge their battery?

  Regenerative
• EVs have zero tailpipe emissions.
• Hybrid vehicles emit more CO2 than gasoline-only cars.

  False
• What is a key environmental benefit of EVs?

  Zero tailpipe emissions
• What is the formula to calculate the total energy of a hybrid vehicle?

  $E =$$E_{gas} +$$E_{elec}$
• What is the formula to calculate the range of an EV?

  $Range =$$\frac{Battery Capacity}{Energy Consumption}$
• A hybrid vehicle combines a gasoline engine with an electric motor and battery
• An electric vehicle relies on electricity for its fuel
• What greenhouse gases do hybrid vehicles emit less of compared to gasoline-only cars?

  CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide
• Electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions.
• What type of braking do hybrid vehicles use to recharge their battery?

  Regenerative braking
• Match the vehicle type with its key feature:

  Hybrid Vehicle ↔️ Gasoline engine and electric motor

  Electric Vehicle ↔️ High-capacity battery
• What two energy sources do hybrid vehicles use to improve efficiency?

  Internal combustion engine and electric motor
• Hybrid vehicles use regenerative braking to capture kinetic energy during deceleration
• Electric vehicles have no combustion engine.
• Match the vehicle type with its engine type:

  Hybrid Vehicle ↔️ Gasoline + Electric

  Electric Vehicle ↔️ Electric Only
• What type of emissions do electric vehicles produce from the tailpipe?

  Zero tailpipe emissions
• The efficiency of hybrid and electric vehicles is calculated using the ratio of energy output to energy input
• Electric vehicles require no gasoline.
• Why do electric vehicles have lower maintenance costs than gasoline cars?

  Fewer moving parts
• The Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) includes purchase price, operating costs, resale value, and government incentives
• Match the cost category with the vehicle type that has the highest cost:

  Purchase Price ↔️ Hybrid Vehicles

  Fuel Costs ↔️ Gasoline Cars
• What does the range of an electric vehicle depend on?

  Battery capacity and energy consumption
• The total energy of a hybrid vehicle is calculated as the sum of gasoline energy and electric energy
• Electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions.
• What is the typical range of an electric vehicle?

  200-300 miles
• Hybrid vehicles have extremely efficient fuel consumption compared to gasoline-only cars.

  False
• Hybrid vehicles reduce greenhouse gas emissions such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide
• Hybrid vehicles use regenerative braking to recharge the battery during deceleration.
• What drives the wheels in electric mode in a hybrid vehicle?

  Electric motor
• Electric vehicles use a high-capacity battery to store significant amounts of energy
• Why do EVs have lower fuel costs than gasoline cars?

  Require no gasoline
• Hybrid and electric vehicles often have a lower Total Cost of Ownership over time.
• What is a major infrastructure challenge for electric vehicles?

  Limited availability of charging stations
• Increased EV usage will strain the existing power grid