7.6 New Imperialism: Motivations and Methods

• New Imperialism refers to a period of intense colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan from the 1870s to 1914
• One economic motivation for New Imperialism was the need for raw materials and new markets.
• The idea of the "White Man's Burden" promoted the belief that Europeans had a duty to civilize and uplift colonized peoples
• Order the following methods of New Imperialism:

  1️⃣ Military Conquest

  2️⃣ Treaties

  3️⃣ Protectorates

  4️⃣ Spheres of Influence

  5️⃣ Economic Control
• The scramble for Africa was partly driven by the need for resources like rubber and ivory
• The Scramble for Africa is an example of New Imperialism.
• New Imperialism was fueled by the need for raw materials and new markets
• Match the economic motivation with its explanation:

  Raw Materials ↔️ Fuel industrial production

  New Markets ↔️ Expand trade and economies
• Economic motivations for New Imperialism included access to raw materials and new markets
• Political motivations for New Imperialism included the desire to enhance national prestige and dominance on the world stage.
• Strategic motivations for New Imperialism involved establishing military bases and controlling strategic waterways
• The ideological motivation for New Imperialism was based on the belief in the "White Man's Burden" to civilize colonized peoples.
• What were two key resources that drove the Scramble for Africa?

  Diamonds and rubber
• Imperial powers sought to control resources like rubber, cotton, and minerals to fuel industrial production
• Colonized regions provided new markets for manufactured goods, expanding trade networks.
• What was the main belief associated with the "White Man's Burden"?

  Duty to uplift inferior races
• New Imperialism took place from the 1870s to 1914
• New Imperialism was characterized by intensified colonial expansion, industrialization, and greater formalized control.
• What was a primary strategic motivation for New Imperialism?

  Controlling key waterways
• The economic motivations of New Imperialism were driven by the need for raw materials and new markets
• Political motivations for New Imperialism included maintaining a balance of power among European nations.
• What belief underpinned the social and cultural motivations of New Imperialism?

  Superiority of European culture
• Military conquest was one method used in New Imperialism to take control of territories by force.
• Protectorates were established by imperial powers to protect a territory in exchange for control
• Which imperial power used military conquest to control India?

  Britain
• Direct Rule in New Imperialism involved centralized control and the replacement of local institutions by the imperial power.
• In which colony did the British apply Direct Rule?

  India
• One key difference between Direct Rule and protectorates is that protectorates allow local rulers to maintain some autonomy
• What does Direct Rule involve in colonial administration?

  Centralized control and replacement
• The British applied Direct Rule in India
• In Direct Rule, local institutions are replaced by the imperial power's structures.
• What is a key characteristic of protectorates in colonial administration?

  Local rulers retain autonomy
• Match the method of colonial administration with its characteristic:

  Direct Rule ↔️ Centralized control

  Protectorates ↔️ Local autonomy

  Spheres of Influence ↔️ Exclusive economic rights
• In Indirect Rule, local leaders govern under imperial oversight
• What is an example of Indirect Rule used by the British?

  Local chiefs in Nigeria
• Settler colonialism involves the displacement of indigenous populations.
• The colonization of Australia by the British is an example of settler colonialism.
• What is the primary difference between protectorates and spheres of influence?

  Control versus exclusive rights
• New Imperialism occurred from the 1870s to 1914 and involved increased colonial expansion.
• The Scramble for Africa is a classic illustration of New Imperialism.