7.3 National Unification and Diplomatic Treaties

• What is the ideology of nationalism primarily concerned with?

  Nation's sovereignty
• Nationalism played a critical role in the unification of Germany and Italy
• Who used nationalist sentiments to unify Germany under Prussian leadership?

  Otto von Bismarck
• Regional rivalries posed a significant challenge to the unification of Italy.
• In Germany, nationalism was fueled by a common language and culture
• Who were the key figures who rallied support for Italian unification?

  Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Steps in the unification of Italy

  1️⃣ Cavour secures alliances with France and Britain

  2️⃣ Garibaldi conquers Southern Italy and Sicily

  3️⃣ Garibaldi cedes territories to Piedmont-Sardinia

  4️⃣ The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed
• What political approach did Bismarck use to unify Germany?

  Realpolitik
• The Franco-Prussian War resulted in the proclamation of the German Empire
• The creation of the German Empire altered the balance of power in Europe.
• In what year was the Kingdom of Italy proclaimed?

  1861
• The unification of Germany was led by Otto von Bismarck, who employed the political philosophy of Realpolitik
• The Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) was a key event in the unification of Germany.
• What significant outcome resulted from the creation of the German Empire in 1871?

  Altered European power balance
• Match the country with its key unifying factors and leaders:

  Germany ↔️ Common language and culture, Otto von Bismarck

  Italy ↔️ Shared language, culture, history, Giuseppe Mazzini, Giuseppe Garibaldi
• What ideology drove the unification efforts in both Germany and Italy?

  Nationalism
• The unification of Italy was led by Count Camillo Benso di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Cavour used diplomacy to secure alliances, while Garibaldi led military campaigns to conquer territories in Southern Italy and Sicily.
• In what year was the Kingdom of Italy proclaimed following the efforts of Cavour and Garibaldi?

  1861
• Match the leader with their method and achievement during the unification of Italy:

  Cavour ↔️ Diplomacy, Secured alliances, engaged Austria

  Garibaldi ↔️ Military action, Conquered Southern Italy and Sicily
• The unification of Italy was achieved through the combined efforts of Cavour and Garibaldi
• Cavour used diplomacy to secure alliances and engage Austria in war.
• Match the leader with their method and achievement:

  Cavour ↔️ Diplomacy, engaged Austria

  Garibaldi ↔️ Military action, conquered Southern Italy
• The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in the year 1861
• Garibaldi's military campaigns in Southern Italy and Sicily were led by his Redshirts
• Garibaldi's military victories complemented Cavour's diplomatic successes in unifying Italy.
• The unification of Italy was driven by nationalist sentiment.
• Who led the unification of Germany?

  Otto von Bismarck
• Bismarck employed Realpolitik to unify Germany.
• The Austro-Prussian War in 1866 resulted in a Prussian victory
• What was the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871?

  Proclamation of German Empire
• The Franco-Prussian War led to the creation of the German Empire in 1871.
• The German Empire's creation shifted the balance of power in Europe
• What war led to the proclamation of the German Empire?

  Franco-Prussian War
• The Franco-Prussian War in 1871 created the German Empire and shifted the European balance of power.
• The unification of Germany was achieved under Otto von Bismarck through Realpolitik, a pragmatic approach to politics.Realpolitik
• What was the outcome of the Austro-Prussian War in 1866?

  Prussian victory
• What event marked the final consolidation of German states under Prussian leadership?

  Franco-Prussian War
• Chronological order of key events in German unification

  1️⃣ Austro-Prussian War (1866)

  2️⃣ Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)

  3️⃣ Proclamation of the German Empire (1871)
• Nationalist sentiment played a key role in the unification of both Germany and Italy.