1.1 Ideals of Democracy

• What is the definition of democracy in this study material?

  Power held by the people
• Popular sovereignty means ultimate authority rests with the people
• Political equality in a democracy means each individual has an equal voice and vote.
• What is majority rule in a democracy?

  Decisions made by majority
• Minority rights in a democracy ensure the protection of the rights of the minority
• Order the fundamental principles of American democracy according to their relevance to limiting government power.

  1️⃣ Separation of Powers

  2️⃣ Checks and Balances

  3️⃣ Judicial Review
• What does federalism refer to in American democracy?

  Division of power
• Checks and balances ensure each branch of government can limit the power of the others
• Which branch of government has the power of judicial review?

  Supreme Court
• Popular sovereignty ensures the government is accountable and responsive to citizens' needs.
• Match the key characteristics of democracy with their descriptions:

  Popular Sovereignty ↔️ Ultimate authority resides with the people

  Political Equality ↔️ Each person has an equal voice and vote

  Majority Rule ↔️ Decisions are made by the majority

  Minority Rights ↔️ Protection for the rights of minorities
• What is the purpose of the fundamental principles of American democracy?

  Balanced and accountable government
• The separation of powers divides the government into three branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
• Checks and balances prevent any single branch of government from becoming too powerful.
• Why are the fundamental principles of American democracy important?

  Protect individual liberties
• What are individual rights and liberties in a democratic society?

  Freedoms that cannot be infringed
• Match the individual rights/liberties with their descriptions:

  Freedom of Speech ↔️ Right to express opinions freely

  Freedom of the Press ↔️ Right to publish information without censorship

  Freedom of Assembly ↔️ Right to gather peacefully

  Freedom of Religion ↔️ Right to practice any religion

  Right to Privacy ↔️ Right to keep personal information private
• Why is freedom of speech important in a democracy?

  Enables public discourse
• Freedom of assembly facilitates civic engagement and collective action
• The right to privacy safeguards personal autonomy and dignity.
• What role do individual rights play in ensuring popular sovereignty?

  Empower citizens
• Which fundamental principle of American democracy states that ultimate authority resides with the people?

  Popular Sovereignty
• The principle of American democracy where ultimate authority resides with the people is called popular sovereignty
• The separation of powers in American democracy divides the government into three branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.
• What is the principle of federalism in American democracy?

  Division of power
• In American democracy, checks and balances ensure that each branch of government can limit the power of the others
• The Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional under the principle of judicial review.
• What does the formula $People =$$Power$ represent in American democracy?


  Popular sovereignty
• The formula $Legislative +$$Executive +$$Judicial =$$Government$ illustrates the principle of separation of powers
• The division of power between national and state governments is represented by the formula $National +$$States =$$United Government$.
• Match the principle of American democracy with its description:

  Popular Sovereignty ↔️ Ultimate authority resides with the people

  Separation of Powers ↔️ Government divided into three branches

  Federalism ↔️ Division of power between national and state governments

  Checks and Balances ↔️ Each branch limits the power of others
• Order the principles of American democracy from the one that emphasizes the people's authority to the one that ensures legal checks on government power.

  1️⃣ Popular Sovereignty

  2️⃣ Separation of Powers

  3️⃣ Federalism

  4️⃣ Checks and Balances

  5️⃣ Judicial Review
• The principle of checks and balances is represented by the formula $Check → Limits the power$, which illustrates how each branch can limit the others
• Federalism is a system where power is divided between national and state
• Checks and balances ensure that each branch of government limits the power of the others
• The principle of popular sovereignty states that ultimate authority resides with the people
• The separation of powers divides the government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
• Judicial review allows the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional
• What is the key characteristic of popular sovereignty in American democracy?

  People's participation
• Arrange the key characteristics of popular sovereignty in a logical sequence:

  1️⃣ People's Participation

  2️⃣ Elections

  3️⃣ Public Mandate