6.4 Social Effects of Industrialization

• What does urbanization refer to during the Industrial Revolution?

  Increase in urban populations
• Industrial growth created job opportunities, attracting rural residents to cities
• Agricultural advances reduced the need for farm labor, pushing people towards urban employment.
• Order the causes of urbanization during the Industrial Revolution:

  1️⃣ Industrial growth creates job opportunities

  2️⃣ Agricultural advances reduce farm labor

  3️⃣ Rural residents migrate to cities
• What are the two new social classes that emerged during the Industrial Revolution?

  Bourgeoisie and proletariat
• The bourgeoisie owned the means of production
• The proletariat sold their labor for wages.
• Match the social class with its role in industrialization:

  Bourgeoisie ↔️ Owned factories and machinery

  Proletariat ↔️ Sold labor for wages
• What were the primary challenges in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution?

  Overcrowding and pollution
• Overcrowding in cities like London and Manchester was caused by rural-to-urban migration
• Pittsburgh and Birmingham suffered from air and water pollution due to industrial factories.
• What were the primary challenges in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution?

  Overcrowding, pollution, poor sanitation
• Overcrowding in industrial cities was caused by high population density due to rural-to-urban migration
• Air and water pollution in industrial cities came primarily from factories.
• Which cities faced inadequate sewage and waste disposal during the Industrial Revolution?

  Paris, Berlin
• Housing in industrial cities consisted of cramped, poorly built tenements
• Match the aspect of industrial city living with its description:

  Overcrowding ↔️ High population density

  Pollution ↔️ Air and water contamination

  Sanitation ↔️ Inadequate waste disposal

  Housing ↔️ Cramped, poorly built structures
• What does the term 'urbanization' refer to during the Industrial Revolution?

  Increase in city populations
• Industrial growth in cities created job opportunities, attracting rural residents and fueling urbanization
• Agricultural advances reduced the need for farm labor, pushing people towards urban employment.
• Why did people migrate to cities during the Industrial Revolution?

  Better opportunities, higher wages
• Match the cause of urbanization with its effect:

  Industrial Growth ↔️ Created job opportunities

  Agricultural Advances ↔️ Reduced labor needs on farms

  Migration ↔️ Fueled urbanization
• Improved farming techniques reduced the need for farm labor, leading to migration
• What were the three main causes of urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?

  Industrial Growth, Agricultural Advances, Migration
• Arrange the new social classes of the Industrial Revolution in order of economic power:

  1️⃣ Bourgeoisie

  2️⃣ Proletariat
• The bourgeoisie invested in factories and controlled industries during the Industrial Revolution.
• What role did the proletariat play in the Industrial Revolution?

  Provided labor in factories
• The division between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat sparked social tensions and movements advocating for workers' rights
• Describe the living conditions in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution.

  Poor, overcrowded, polluted
• Overcrowding in industrial cities was partly caused by rural-to-urban migration.
• What two new social classes emerged during the Industrial Revolution?

  Bourgeoisie and proletariat
• The bourgeoisie owned the means of production
• What did the proletariat provide in factories during the Industrial Revolution?

  Labor
• The proletariat enjoyed good living and working conditions in industrial cities.

  False
• Industrial cities suffered from high population density
• What were the main sources of pollution in industrial cities?

  Factories
• Inadequate sanitation systems in industrial cities led to the spread of diseases.
• Housing in industrial cities consisted of cramped, poorly built tenements
• What type of labor did families shift to during the Industrial Revolution?

  Factory-based
• Match the family structure with its characteristic:

  Pre-Industrial Family ↔️ Traditional, communal

  Industrial Family ↔️ Individual wage-earners