6.3 Second Wave Industrialization and Its Effects

• Second Wave Industrialization refers to the period of industrial development characterized by new technologies and mass production techniques
• The First Wave of Industrialization occurred in the late 19th century.

  False
• One technological advancement of the Second Wave was the assembly line
• The Second Wave of Industrialization transformed the global economy.
• Order the technological advancements of the Second Wave by their impact on industry:

  1️⃣ Bessemer process for steel production

  2️⃣ Invention of the electric motor

  3️⃣ Development of synthetic chemicals

  4️⃣ Introduction of the assembly line
• Who pioneered the assembly line during the Second Wave?

  Henry Ford
• The Second Wave of Industrialization set the stage for modern industrial practices
• What technological advancement enabled the mass production of high-quality steel during the Second Wave Industrialization?

  Bessemer process
• The invention of the electric motor and electric lighting transformed productivity and living standards
• Synthetic chemicals, such as dyes and fertilizers, improved efficiency in agriculture and manufacturing during the Second Wave.
• Who pioneered the introduction of the assembly line for mass production during the Second Wave Industrialization?

  Henry Ford
• Mass production techniques during the Second Wave led to a significant surge in the availability of goods
• The rise of new industries during the Second Wave created numerous employment opportunities, contributing to higher wages and improved living standards.
• Sequence the steps of the assembly line process.

  1️⃣ Standardized components are produced

  2️⃣ Components are moved along a conveyor belt

  3️⃣ Workers perform specific tasks on each item

  4️⃣ Finished goods are assembled
• Match the Second Wave technological advancement with its impact.

  Bessemer process ↔️ Mass production of steel

  Electric motor ↔️ Powered factories and homes

  Assembly line ↔️ Increased efficiency and affordability

  Synthetic fertilizers ↔️ Improved agricultural yields
• The First Wave Industrialization occurred during the late 18th to early 19th century.
• Which industries were central to the First Wave Industrialization?

  Textiles and iron
• The assembly line was a key technological advancement of the Second Wave
• Sequence the steps of the Bessemer process.

  1️⃣ Molten pig iron is heated

  2️⃣ Air is forced through the molten iron

  3️⃣ Impurities are oxidized

  4️⃣ High-quality steel is produced
• The Bessemer process enabled the mass production of high-quality steel, which was essential for building infrastructure.
• What invention provided power to factories and homes during the Second Wave Industrialization?

  Electric motor
• Synthetic chemicals, such as fertilizers, greatly impacted agriculture and manufacturing
• The creation of new industries during the Second Wave led to higher wages and improved living standards.
• Match the social consequence of the Second Wave with its impact.

  Urbanization ↔️ Increased city populations

  Social stratification ↔️ Heightened economic disparities

  Environmental impacts ↔️ Pollution and resource depletion

  Changes in family structure ↔️ More women and children in the workforce
• What type of ideology emerged in response to the harsh working conditions of the factory system during the Second Wave?

  Socialism
• The Second Wave Industrialization led to significant changes in traditional family structures as women and children entered the workforce.
• Sequence the political developments and reforms during the Second Wave Industrialization.

  1️⃣ Rise of Socialism

  2️⃣ Labor Unions formed

  3️⃣ Suffrage Movements emerged

  4️⃣ Welfare State Policies introduced
• Labor unions fought for better wages and shorter working hours
• What did suffrage movements during the Second Wave aim to achieve?

  Voting rights for women
• Welfare state policies during the Second Wave reduced poverty and increased public health.