6.2 The Spread of Industry Throughout Europe

• The use of machinery and efficient factory systems significantly boosts the output of goods
• Technological advances like the steam engine drove productivity during industrialization.
• What happens to urban centers as factories attract workers during industrialization?

  They grow rapidly
• What are the five key factors that facilitated the spread of industry in Europe?

  Supportive policies, technology, resources, transportation, investment
• Britain's repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 removed import duties on grain
• The invention of the telegraph improved communication during industrialization.
• Which region in Germany was known for its abundant coal reserves?

  Ruhr Valley
• The development of railways greatly improved the transportation of raw materials
• Joint-stock companies facilitated the accumulation and deployment of capital for industrial projects.
• Match the factor with its key innovation or policy:

  Government Policies ↔️ Free trade agreements

  Technological Advancements ↔️ Steam engine

  Natural Resources ↔️ Coal and iron ore

  Capital Investment ↔️ Joint-stock companies
• What type of economy preceded the industrial economy in Europe?

  Agricultural
• Technological innovations like the steam engine were a key characteristic of industrialization
• Urbanization was a direct result of the demand for labor in factories during industrialization.
• Which British act repealed import duties on grain in 1846?

  Corn Laws
• The Ruhr Valley in Germany became a key industrial region due to its abundant coal
• Railways and steamships improved the transportation of finished goods and raw materials.
• Which country's Ruhr Valley became a major industrial center due to its coal mines?

  Germany
• Which region in Europe specialized in textiles, iron, and steel industries due to early adoption of steam power and access to coal?

  Britain
• The Ruhr Valley in Germany specialized in coal mining, iron, and steel
• During the 19th century, different European regions specialized in various key industries driven by factors like natural resources and technological advancements
• Match the European region with its key industries and driving factors:

  Britain ↔️ Textiles, iron, and steel driven by steam power and coal

  Germany (Ruhr Valley) ↔️ Coal mining, iron, and steel driven by abundant coal reserves and railways

  France ↔️ Textiles, luxury goods driven by skilled labor and government support
• Regional specializations in Europe contributed to the overall industrial development of the continent.
• Industrialization is the shift from agricultural-based to manufacturing-centered economies
• Arrange the following factors that facilitated the spread of industry in Europe between 1815 and 1914 in a logical order:

  1️⃣ Government Policies (e.g., free trade agreements)

  2️⃣ Technological Advancements (e.g., steam engine)

  3️⃣ Natural Resources (e.g., coal and iron ore)

  4️⃣ Transportation Improvements (e.g., railways)

  5️⃣ Capital Investment (e.g., joint-stock companies)
• Match the factor with its significance in industrialization:

  Government Policies ↔️ Encouraged economic growth

  Technological Advancements ↔️ Revolutionized manufacturing and communication

  Natural Resources ↔️ Provided essential materials and energy

  Transportation Improvements ↔️ Enhanced movement of goods and resources
• What is the primary focus of industrialization in terms of economic activity?

  Manufacturing industries
• Industrialization transformed European society and culture by creating new social classes and stimulating urban growth.
• The bourgeoisie, or middle class, gained economic and political power
• Match the aspect with its description in pre-industrial and post-industrial societies:

  Social Structure ↔️ Aristocracy and peasantry vs. bourgeoisie and proletariat

  Urbanization ↔️ Rural communities vs. growing urban centers

  Work ↔️ Manual labor in agriculture vs. factory labor
• Imperialism was driven by the economic need for resources, new markets, and investment opportunities
• Arrange the following examples of imperialism in chronological order:

  1️⃣ British colonization in India

  2️⃣ French expansion in Africa

  3️⃣ Belgian control of the Congo
• Industrialization was a major catalyst for imperialism by creating economic and strategic needs.
• Industrialization involves a shift to manufacturing industries using machines, advanced technologies, and factory systems
• Match the characteristic with the type of economy it relates to:

  Agricultural Economy ↔️ Reliance on manual labor

  Industrial Economy ↔️ Use of machinery and factories
• What is the process of industrialization defined as?

  Shift from agricultural to manufacturing
• The use of machinery in industrialization leads to increased production
• What is the effect of factories attracting workers in industrialization?

  Urban growth
• An agricultural economy is primarily focused on manufacturing industries.

  False
• In an agricultural economy, labor is primarily manual
• What type of production characterizes an industrial economy?

  Machine-driven