7.4 Buses

• What is a bus in computer architecture?

  System of wires
• The address bus transports memory addresses
• The data bus transfers actual data between components.
• What is the primary function of the control bus?

  Manage and synchronize
• The address bus is unidirectional because data moves from the CPU to the memory only
• The data bus has a bidirectional data flow.
• What varies in the control bus signals?

  Control signals
• Steps in a data transfer process

  1️⃣ CPU sends address via address bus

  2️⃣ Data is transferred via data bus

  3️⃣ Control bus manages the process
• What are the two main types of buses based on location?

  Internal and external
• Internal buses are located inside the motherboard
• Internal buses handle high-speed data transfers.
• Which devices are connected to external buses?

  USB drives, printers
• What is the direction of data flow in the address bus?

  Unidirectional
• The data bus allows data to move in both directions.
• The control bus uses control signals for reading, writing, timing, and interrupts
• Match the bus type with its key signals:

  Address Bus ↔️ Memory Address Lines

  Data Bus ↔️ Data Lines

  Control Bus ↔️ Read/Write, Clock, Interrupt
• What is the primary function of the address bus?

  Carry memory addresses
• The data bus transfers data between the CPU and memory.
• The control bus manages data transfer and synchronizes system activities
• What signals does the address bus use?

  Memory Address Lines
• What does it mean for a bus to be bidirectional?

  Data moves in both directions
• The data width of a bus affects the amount of data transferred
• The control bus synchronizes data transfer processes in the system.
• What are some key signals of the control bus?

  Read/Write, Clock, Interrupt
• Match the bus type with its function:

  Address Bus ↔️ Carries memory addresses

  Data Bus ↔️ Transfers data

  Control Bus ↔️ Manages bus activities
• The address bus is unidirectional.
• The data bus can transfer data in both directions
• What is the key difference between parallel and serial buses in terms of data transfer?

  Parallel buses use multiple lines
• Parallel buses are faster than serial buses.
• How many data lines does a serial bus use?

  One
• What is an example of a serial bus connection?

  USB connection
• Serial buses are more complex than parallel buses.

  False
• What are the key functions of bus protocols?

  Synchronization and data integrity
• Bus protocols handle arbitration to resolve bus access conflicts
• What is an example of a bus protocol used for data transfer between peripherals and the CPU?

  PCI bus protocol
• A bus in computer architecture is a system of wires for data transfer.
• When the CPU wants to read data from memory address $0x1234$, it sends this address via the address bus.
• What are the two main types of buses based on their location?

  Internal and external
• Internal buses are faster than external buses.
• What is the directionality of the address bus?

  Unidirectional