1.1 Introducing Calculus: Connecting Graphs and Rates of Change

Cards (41)

  • Calculus is the mathematical study of change
  • Differential calculus focuses on finding the rate of change of a function.
  • Integral calculus deals with accumulating quantities and finding the area under a curve
  • What does differential calculus focus on?
    Rate of change
  • Integral calculus is the reverse process of differentiation.
  • A limit describes the value a function approaches as its input gets close to a certain point
  • What is one method to find limits?
    Graphically
  • For a limit to exist, both left and right limits must be equal.
  • As x2x \to 2, the limit of f(x)=f(x) =x24x2 \frac{x^{2} - 4}{x - 2} is 4
  • Match the calculus branch with its key concept:
    Differential Calculus ↔️ Derivatives
    Integral Calculus ↔️ Integrals
  • To find limits, we can use graphical or algebraic methods
  • What is a one-sided limit?
    Limit from one direction
  • A limit describes the value a function approaches as its input gets close to a certain point
  • For a limit to exist, both one-sided limits must exist and be equal
  • What are one-sided limits defined as?
    Values approached from one direction
  • A limit is notated as \lim_{x \to a} f(x) = L
  • A general limit exists if both one-sided limits are equal
  • The rate of change measures how a function's value changes with respect to its input
  • The average rate of change is calculated using the secant line between two points
  • What does the instantaneous rate of change represent on a graph?
    Tangent line at a single point
  • The instantaneous rate of change is equivalent to the slope of the tangent
  • The instantaneous rate of change is calculated as the limit of the average rate of change as the interval shrinks to zero
  • What is the formula for the instantaneous rate of change?
    \frac{dy}{dx} = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h}</latex>
  • What is the formula for the average rate of change?
    f(x+h)f(x)h\frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h}
  • The instantaneous rate of change of a function at a point is equivalent to the slope of the tangent
  • What is the formula for the instantaneous rate of change using limits?
    \frac{dy}{dx} = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h}</latex>
  • For f(x)=f(x) =x2 x^{2}, the slope of the tangent line at x=x =3 3 is 6.
  • Match the step with its description and formula:
    Average rate of change ↔️ f(x+h)f(x)h\frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h}
    Simplify ↔️ 6h+h2h\frac{6h + h^{2}}{h}
    Limit as h0h \to 0 ↔️ limh0(6+h)\lim_{h \to 0} (6 + h)
  • What are the two main branches of calculus?
    Differential and Integral
  • Differential calculus focuses on finding the rate of change of a function and the slopes of curves
  • What is the reverse process of differentiation?
    Integration
  • Match the branch of calculus with its key concepts:
    Differential Calculus ↔️ Derivatives, Tangents
    Integral Calculus ↔️ Integrals, Areas
  • What does the notation limxaf(x)=\lim_{x \to a} f(x) =L L mean?

    As xx approaches aa, f(x)f(x) approaches LL
  • For a limit to exist, both the left and right limits must exist and be equal
  • The limit of f(x)=f(x) =x24x2 \frac{x^{2} - 4}{x - 2} as x2x \to 2 is 4.
  • What is the graphical interpretation of the average rate of change?
    Slope of the secant line
  • What is the graphical interpretation of the instantaneous rate of change?
    Slope of the tangent line
  • What is the equation of the tangent line at a point x=x =a a?

    y=y =f(a)(xa)+ f'(a)(x - a) +f(a) f(a)
  • The tangent line to f(x)=f(x) =x2 x^{2} at x=x =2 2 has a slope of 4.
  • Match the field with its application of calculus:
    Economics ↔️ Profit Optimization
    Physics ↔️ Motion Analysis